Influence of mineral fertilizers, seed treatment and herbicide on the yield of spring wheat in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan

Abstract

The paper presents the results of studies on the creation of an optimal nutritional regime with an analysis of weediness of crops with increased pre-sowing treatment of seeds of growth processes and the resistance of the plants themselves under stressful conditions to form a spring wheat crop. In the initial period of spring wheat vegetation, when plants are affected by sharp temperature fluctuations, soil and atmospheric droughts, it is important to stimulate their stable development and resistance to stress. When satisfying the needs of crops for nutrients, it is important to prevent weeding of crops. The purpose of our study is to study the complex effect of mineral fertilizers, the use of a herbicide and presowing seed treatment with a growth regulator on spring wheat productivity. The studies were conducted in 2016-2018 on the basis of Kazan State Agrarian University on gray forest soil. An analysis of the development of plants on weed grown variants revealed a decrease in the safety of seedlings for harvesting, decreased yield by 0.15-0.28 t/ha and reduced grain quality. The average yield of spring wheat over the years of research when using the herbicide against the background without fertilizers was 1.53 t/ha, 2.66 t/ha against the background of NPK to obtain 3 t/ha of grain and 3.22 t/ha against the background of NPK to obtain 4 t/ha of grain. Combined seed treatment with the growth regulator Zircon and dressing agents contributed to an increase in yield in all nutritional backgrounds by another 3.2–4.4% and an increase in the grain nature and gluten content in fertilized nutritional backgrounds.