Functional response of Cosmoclopius nigroannulatus (Hem.: Reduviidae) to different densities of Spartocera dentiventris (Hem.: Coreidae) nymphae

Abstract

This study evaluated the functional response of the predator Cosmoclopius nigroannulatus on first instar nymphae of Spartocera dentiventris, both species associated with Nicotina tabacum. The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions: 27 ± 1ºC; 80 ± 5%, RH; 12 h, photophase. Ten newly emerged adults of each sex of C. nigroannulatus were used in each of five densities (5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 individuals) of S. dentiventris nymphae. The predators were observed every 24 h for five days, when the number of dead and/or consumed nymphae was recorded. The results showed a positive correlation between the number of ingested nymphae and the increase in prey density. Females ingested more nymphae than the males. The estimated handling time per prey (Th) was higher in males (3.07 h) than in females (1.93 h), with total handling time (Th x Na) increased with density. Other components of the functional response, such as attack rate (a'), searching time (Ts), and search efficiency (E) showed, in neither males nor females, a negative correlation regarding density. The results indicated a higher predatory efficiency in the females. The components of the functional response fitted significantly the randomic model of the Holling discs equation (Na = N {1 - exp[- a'(T - ThNa)]}), evidencing a functional response of type II.

Keywords

• functional response
• predation
• Cosmoclopius nigroannulatus
• predator-prey interaction