Revista Cubana de Medicina (Mar 2011)
La presión del pulso en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio The pressure of the pulse in patient with acute infarct of the miocardio
Abstract
Introducción: La presión del pulso es un importante marcador y/o predictor de riesgo de accidentes cardiovasculares ateroscleróticos. Objetivos: Determinar qué relación existe entre la presión del pulso y el infarto agudo de miocardio (IMA) en hipertensos y en no hipertensos, para establecer criterios de observación y control de este componente de la presión sanguínea. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio retrospectivo, analítico, caso/control, se incluyeron un grupo estudio de 200 pacientes con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio, ingresados en la Sala de Coronario del Hospital "Enrique Cabrera" en el período 2006-2007 y uno control de 200 pacientes ingresados en salas de Medicina, sin enfermedad cardiovascular, se excluyeron los diabéticos y los menores de 30 años, la selección se realizó de forma aleatoria. Variables objetos de estudio: edad, sexo, tabaquismo, presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD), presión arterial media (PAM), presión del pulso (PP), hipertensión arterial (HTA) y presencia o no de infarto de miocardio. Se formaron grupos de presión del pulso = 50 mmHg y Introduction: The pulse pressure is an important marker and/or predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular accidents risks. Objective: To determine what relation there is between the pulse pressure and the myocardial acute infarction (MAI) in hypertensives and non-hypertensives, to establish observational criteria and the control of this component of blood pressure. Methods: A case-control, analytical and retrospective study was designed including a study group of 200 patients diagnosed with myocardial acute infarction, admitted in the Coronary Ward of the "Enrique Cabrera" Hospital during 2006-2007 and other control study in 200 patients admitted in Medicine Wards without cardiovascular disease excluding the diabetic a those aged under 30 according to a random selection. Study variables included: age, sex, smoking, systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP) high blood pressure (HBP) and presence or not of myocardial infarction. Groups of pulse pressure = 50 mmHg and < 50 mmHg were created in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients. Results: La myocardial infarction frequency in patients aged 30-39 was of 2 % and in the group aged over 60 or more, it was of 68,5%; the 54 % was of male sex, the HBP frequency was of 85,5 % and that of smokers of 51,5 % and with a PP = 50 mmHg, 76,0 %. The relation among SAP, DAP, MAP and HBP with the increase of pulse pressure (p = 0,000). The association of pulse pressure with MAI in hypertensive patients was significant with a OR 6,46 CI 95 % (3,72, 11,21) and in those non-hypertensive also it was significant with a OR 8,9 CI 95 % (3,51, 22,56). Conclusions: The pulse pressure may be a very useful tool in the observation, treatment and control of patients with MAI risk, both, in hypertensives and non-hypertensives.
