基于微藻的废水处理及油脂积累研究进展Advances in microalgae-based wastewater treatment and lipid accumulation

Abstract

水资源危机和对环境污染的担忧推动了传统废水处理工艺的升级。微藻可大量积累油脂等高附加值次级代谢产物，而微藻在废水中培养，可同时满足获取微藻生物质和废水处理的需求。综述了微藻培养与废水处理相结合的特点，阐述了微藻废水处理工艺，包括光生物反应器、生物膜-光生物反应器、微藻-细菌共培养、微藻型微生物燃料电池以及耦合植物生长调节剂，对提高废水中微藻生物活性、产油能力和废水处理效率的作用。鉴于废水组成的复杂性和微藻的适应性，还需创新废水微藻培养工艺与技术以实现更高的废水生物修复效率和微藻高附加值产物产率。 The crisis of water resources and the worry about environmental pollution promote the upgrading of traditional wastewater treatment process. Microalgae can accumulate lots of high value-added secondary metabolites such as lipids. Microalgae cultivation in wastewater can simultaneously meet the requirements of obtaining microalgae biomass and wastewater treatment. The characteristic of combining microalgae cultivation with wastewater treatment was reviewed, and the role of microalgae-based wastewater treatment processes, including photobioreactors, biofilm-photobioreactors, microalgae-bacterial consortia, microalgae-microbial fuel cells and coupled plant growth regulators, in improving the microalgae biological activity, lipid production capacity and wastewater treatment efficiency were described. In view of the complexity of wastewater composition and the adaptability of microalgae, innovative microalgae-based wastewater processes and technologies are also needed to achieve higher wastewater bioremediation efficiency and yield of high value-added products from microalgae.

Keywords

• 微藻；废水处理；油脂积累
• microalgae; wastewater treatment; lipid accumulation