Plasma amyloid β 42/40 ratios as biomarkers for amyloid β cerebral deposition in cognitively normal individuals

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Plasma amyloid β (Aβ) peptides have been previously studied as candidate biomarkers to increase recruitment efficiency in secondary prevention clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease. Methods Free and total Aβ42/40 plasma ratios (FP42/40 and TP42/40, respectively) were determined using ABtest assays in cognitively normal subjects from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Flagship Study. This population was followed‐up for 72 months and their cortical Aβ burden was assessed with positron emission tomography. Results Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses showed an inverse association of Aβ42/40 plasma ratios and cortical Aβ burden. Optimized as a screening tool, TP42/40 reached 81% positive predictive value of high cortical Aβ burden, which represents 110% increase over the population prevalence of cortical Aβ positivity. Discussion These findings support the use of plasma Aβ42/40 ratios as surrogate biomarkers of cortical Aβ deposition and enrichment tools, reducing the number of subjects submitted to invasive tests and, consequently, recruitment costs in clinical trials targeting cognitively normal individuals.

Keywords

• Amyloid β
• Plasma amyloid β ratio
• Biomarker
• Preclinical Alzheimer's disease
• β‐Amyloid imaging
• Positron emission tomography