Virology Journal (Mar 2024)

Early administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir leads to faster negative SARS-CoV-2 nasal swabs than monoclonal antibodies in COVID 19 patients at high-risk for severe disease

  • Marta Colaneri,
  • Giovanni Scaglione,
  • Federico Fassio,
  • Lucia Galli,
  • Alessia Lai,
  • Annalisa Bergna,
  • Arianna Gabrieli,
  • Maciej Tarkowski,
  • Carla Della Ventura,
  • Valeria Colombo,
  • Laura Cordier,
  • Davide Bernasconi,
  • Mario Corbellino,
  • Gianfranco Dedivitiis,
  • Silvia Borghetti,
  • Debora Visigalli,
  • Salvatore Sollima,
  • Giacomo Casalini,
  • Giuliano Rizzardini,
  • Andrea Gori,
  • Spinello Antinori,
  • Agostino Riva,
  • Monica Schiavini

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-024-02333-x
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 21, no. 1
pp. 1 – 6

Abstract

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Abstract Purpose Besides the well-established efficacy in preventing severe COVID-19, the impact of early treatments, namely antivirals and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), on the time length to negativization of SARS-CoV-2 nasal swabs is still unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different early treatments in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding, identifying a single drug that might potentially lead to a more rapid negativization of SARS-CoV-2 nasal swab. Methods This was a single-centre, retrospective, observational study conducted at Ospedale Luigi Sacco in Milan. Data of high-risk COVID-19 patients who received early treatments between 23 December 2021 and March 2023 were extracted. The comparison across treatments was conducted using the Kruskall-Wallis test for continuous variables. Dunn’s test with Bonferroni adjustment was performed for post-hoc comparisons of days to negativization. Secondly, a negative binomial regression adjusted for age, sex, number of comorbidities, immunosuppression, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status was implemented. Results Data from 428 patients receiving early treatments were collected. The majority were treated with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir and were affected by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection with BA.2 sublineage. The median length time to SARS-CoV-2 nasal swab negativization was 9 days [IQR 7–13 days]. We found that Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir determined a significant decrease of the length time to SARS-CoV-2 nasal swab negativization compared to mAbs (p = 0.003), but not compared to Remdesivir (p = 0.147) and Molnupiravir (p = 0.156). Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of promptly treating high-risk COVID-19 patients with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir, as it also contributes to achieving a faster time to negative SARS-CoV-2 nasal swabs.

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