Hexamethyldisiloxane Removal from Biogas Using a Fe₃O₄–Urea-Modified Three-Dimensional Graphene Aerogel

Abstract

Volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS), which are considered to be the most troublesome impurities in current biogas-cleaning technologies, need to be removed. In this study, we fabricated a series of Fe3O4–urea-modified reduced graphene-oxide aerogels (Fe3O4–urea–rGOAs) by using industrial-grade graphene oxide as the raw material. A fixed-bed dynamic adsorption setup was built, and the adsorption properties of the Fe3O4–urea–rGOAs for hexamethyldisiloxane (L2, as a VMS model pollutant) were studied. The properties of the as-prepared samples were investigated by employing various characterization techniques (SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques). The results showed that the Fe3O4–urea–rGOA–0.4 had a high specific surface area (188 m2 g−1), large porous texture (0.77 cm3 g−1), and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity for L2 (146.5 mg g−1). The adsorption capacity considerably increased with a decrease in the bed temperature of the adsorbents, as well as with an increase in the inlet concentration of L2. More importantly, the spent Fe3O4–urea–rGOA adsorbent could be readily regenerated and showed an excellent adsorption performance. Thus, the proposed Fe3O4–urea–rGOAs are promising adsorbents for removing the VMS in biogas.

Keywords

• adsorption
• hexamethyldisiloxane
• reduced graphene oxide aerogel
• Fe₃O₄-modified
• hydrothermo–chemical reduction method