Periodic Paralysis: A Case Series with a Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Periodic paralysis is a condition that causes recurrent episodes of flaccid paralysis, and it can be primary or secondary. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is the most common type of primary periodic paralysis, and it is inherited through autosomal dominant gene transmission. Males are affected three times more often than females, and the paralysis attacks usually occur at night after a period of vigorous exercise. It is crucial to exclude other diagnostic entities based on the nature of presentation, physical examination, and paraclinical studies. Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is more prevalent in Asian or Hispanic males with thyrotoxicosis, where up to 10% of thyrotoxic patients may experience periodic paralysis. Case Presentations: Here, we present 6 cases of patients who came to our care with varying degrees of muscle weakness, each showing interesting and diverse laboratory results. Conclusion: In patient assessment, it is crucial to consider social and family history. Even without this information, awareness of potential diagnoses is vital. The cause should be carefully considered for possible simple treatments. Failing to recognize and address this condition promptly could lead to severe outcomes. Timely identification and intervention are essential for effective disease management and patient welfare.

Keywords

• hypokalemia
• hyperthyroidism
• thyrotoxicity
• adrenal disease
• periodic paralysis
• paraparesis