Infection Control Awareness and Practices among Dental Students in Gujarat: A Questionnaire Based Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, medical advancements have led to significant progress in infection control, reducing risks in healthcare settings. However, Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) remain a major global concern, affecting millions of patients each year and increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Dental clinics are susceptible environments for disease transmission, exposing dentists to blood-borne pathogens. Vigilance and strict infection control measures are essential in dental settings to protect both practitioners and patients. Implementing universal precautions in dental schools is crucial for controlling cross-infection, as it ensures that students are equipped with the necessary knowledge and attitudes for effective infection control. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of infection control among undergraduate dental students in the state of Gujarat. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study involving 229 undergraduate dental students assessed knowledge and attitudes towards infection control at Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital in October 2020. Approval was obtained, and a structured questionnaire adapted from previous literature was utilised. Rigorous content validation and analysis were conducted, revealing strong internal consistency. Data collection was conducted online and analysed using Chi-square tests for significance. Results: In the study, 185 (80.7%) of the respondents were female, and the majority of subjects were “Interns” (81, or 35.4%). The study shows significant gender differences in Hepatitis B vaccination (p=0.038), with both genders mostly vaccinated. However, attitudes and practices towards infection control did not significantly differ by gender. The study also reveals associations between the year of study and Hepatitis B vaccination (p=0.013), as well as attitudes and practices related to infection control. Notably, a considerable proportion of students across all years did not use protective eyewear during aerosol procedures. Overall, the study highlights awareness of infection control, with some variations by gender and year of study. Conclusion: The participants in this study demonstrated good knowledge and a positive attitude regarding infection control protocols. However, the practice of infection control methods varied, and consistency was not found.

Keywords

• dental practice
• healthcare-associated infections
• infection control methods
• standard precautions