Current Status and Prospect of Delivery Vehicle Based on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Liver Diseases

Abstract

Xinfeng Lu,1,2,* Haijun Guo,2,3,* Xuyong Wei,2,3 Di Lu,2,3 Wenzhi Shu,2,4 Yisu Song,2,4 Nasha Qiu,1,2 Xiao Xu1– 4 1The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China; 4Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiao Xu, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected] Nasha Qiu, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: With the improvement of the average life expectancy and increasing incidence of obesity, the burden of liver disease is increasing. Liver disease is a serious threat to human health. Currently, liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. However, liver transplantation still faces unavoidable difficulties. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as an alternative therapy for liver disease, especially liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver transplantation complications. However, MSCs may have potential tumorigenic effects. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-Exos), as the important intercellular communication mode of MSCs, contain various proteins, nucleic acids, and DNA. MSC-Exos can be used as a delivery system to treat liver diseases through immune regulation, apoptosis inhibition, regeneration promotion, drug delivery, and other ways. Good histocompatibility and material exchangeability make MSC-Exos a new treatment for liver diseases. This review summarizes the latest research on MSC-Exos as delivery vehicles in different liver diseases, including liver injury, liver failure, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and ischemia and reperfusion injury. In addition, we discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and clinical application prospects of MSC-Exos-based delivery vectors in the treatment of liver diseases.Keywords: exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells, liver disease, nanocarriers

Keywords

• exosomes
• mesenchymal stem cells
• liver disease
• nanocarriers