Solutions of Second-Order Nonlinear Implicit <i>ψ</i>-Conformable Fractional Integro-Differential Equations with Nonlocal Fractional Integral Boundary Conditions in Banach Algebra

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce and thoroughly examine new generalized ψ-conformable fractional integral and derivative operators associated with the auxiliary function ψ(t). We rigorously analyze and confirm the essential properties of these operators, including their semigroup behavior, linearity, boundedness, and specific symmetry characteristics, particularly their invariance under time reversal. These operators not only encompass the well-established Riemann–Liouville and Hadamard operators but also extend their applicability. Our primary focus is on addressing complex fractional boundary value problems, specifically second-order nonlinear implicit ψ-conformable fractional integro-differential equations with nonlocal fractional integral boundary conditions within Banach algebra. We assess the effectiveness of these operators in solving such problems and investigate the existence, uniqueness, and Ulam–Hyers stability of their solutions. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the theoretical advancements and practical implications of our approach. Through this work, we aim to contribute to the development of fractional calculus methodologies and their applications.

Keywords

• generalized conformable fractional operators
• <i>ψ</i>-conformable fractional integro-differential equations
• nonlocal fractional integral boundary conditions
• Banach algebra
• semigroup behavior and boundedness
• fractional boundary value problems