Geophysical Research Letters (Jul 2023)
First High‐Speed Video Camera Observations of a Lightning Flash Associated With a Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flash
- R. U. Abbasi,
- M. M. F. Saba,
- J. W. Belz,
- P. R. Krehbiel,
- W. Rison,
- N. Kieu,
- D. R. daSilva,
- M. A. Stanley,
- Dan Rodeheffer,
- J. Remington,
- J. Mazich,
- R. LeVon,
- K. Smout,
- A. Petrizze,
- T. Abu‐Zayyad,
- M. Allen,
- R. Arimura,
- E. Barcikowski,
- D. R. Bergman,
- S. A. Blake,
- I. Buckland,
- B. G. Cheon,
- M. Chikawa,
- T. Fujii,
- K. Fujisue,
- K. Fujita,
- R. Fujiwara,
- M. Fukushima,
- G. Furlich,
- N. Globus,
- R. Gonzalez,
- W. Hanlon,
- N. Hayashida,
- H. He,
- K. Hibino,
- R. Higuchi,
- K. Honda,
- D. Ikeda,
- N. Inoue,
- T. Ishii,
- H. Ito,
- D. Ivanov,
- H. Iwakura,
- A. Iwasaki,
- H. M. Jeong,
- S. Jeong,
- C. C. H. Jui,
- K. Kadota,
- F. Kakimoto,
- O. Kalashev,
- K. Kasahara,
- S. Kasami,
- S. Kawakami,
- K. Kawata,
- I. Kharuk,
- E. Kido,
- H. B. Kim,
- J. H. Kim,
- J. H. Kim,
- S. W. Kim,
- Y. Kimura,
- I. Komae,
- Y. Kubota,
- M. Kuznetsov,
- Y. J. Kwon,
- K. H. Lee,
- B. Lubsandorzhiev,
- J. P. Lundquist,
- T. Matsuyama,
- J. N. Matthews,
- R. Mayta,
- I. Myers,
- S. Nagataki,
- K. Nakai,
- R. Nakamura,
- T. Nakamura,
- A. Nakazawa,
- E. Nishio,
- T. Nonaka,
- S. Ogio,
- M. Ohnishi,
- H. Ohoka,
- Y. Oku,
- T. Okuda,
- Y. Omura,
- M. Ono,
- A. Oshima,
- S. Ozawa,
- I. H. Park,
- M. Potts,
- M. S. Pshirkov,
- D. C. Rodriguez,
- C. Rott,
- G. I. Rubtsov,
- D. Ryu,
- H. Sagawa,
- N. Sakaki,
- T. Sako,
- N. Sakurai,
- K. Sato,
- T. Seki,
- K. Sekino,
- P. D. Shah,
- Y. Shibasaki,
- N. Shibata,
- T. Shibata,
- J. Shikita,
- H. Shimodaira,
- B. K. Shin,
- H. S. Shin,
- D. Shinto,
- J. D. Smith,
- P. Sokolsky,
- B. T. Stokes,
- T. A. Stroman,
- K. Takahashi,
- M. Takamura,
- M. Takeda,
- R. Takeishi,
- A. Taketa,
- M. Takita,
- Y. Tameda,
- K. Tanaka,
- M. Tanaka,
- S. B. Thomas,
- G. B. Thomson,
- P. Tinyakov,
- I. Tkachev,
- H. Tokuno,
- T. Tomida,
- S. Troitsky,
- R. Tsuda,
- Y. Tsunesada,
- S. Udo,
- T. Uehama,
- F. Urban,
- D. Warren,
- T. Wong,
- M. Yamamoto,
- K. Yamazaki,
- K. Yashiro,
- F. Yoshida,
- Y. Zhezher,
- Z. Zundel
Affiliations
- R. U. Abbasi
- Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
- M. M. F. Saba
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
- J. W. Belz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- P. R. Krehbiel
- Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro NM USA
- W. Rison
- Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro NM USA
- N. Kieu
- Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
- D. R. daSilva
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Sao Jose dos Campos Brazil
- M. A. Stanley
- Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro NM USA
- Dan Rodeheffer
- Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro NM USA
- J. Remington
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- J. Mazich
- Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
- R. LeVon
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- K. Smout
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- A. Petrizze
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- T. Abu‐Zayyad
- Department of Physics Loyola University Chicago Chicago IL USA
- M. Allen
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- R. Arimura
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- E. Barcikowski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- D. R. Bergman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- S. A. Blake
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- I. Buckland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- B. G. Cheon
- Department of Physics Research Institute of Natural Science Hanyang University Seoul Korea
- M. Chikawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- T. Fujii
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- K. Fujisue
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- K. Fujita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- R. Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- M. Fukushima
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- G. Furlich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- N. Globus
- Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Wako Japan
- R. Gonzalez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- W. Hanlon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- N. Hayashida
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Yokohama Japan
- H. He
- Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Wako Japan
- K. Hibino
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Yokohama Japan
- R. Higuchi
- Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Wako Japan
- K. Honda
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan
- D. Ikeda
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Yokohama Japan
- N. Inoue
- The Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Saitama Japan
- T. Ishii
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering University of Yamanashi Kofu Japan
- H. Ito
- Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Wako Japan
- D. Ivanov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- H. Iwakura
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Japan
- A. Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- H. M. Jeong
- Department of Physics SungKyunKwan University Suwon South Korea
- S. Jeong
- Department of Physics SungKyunKwan University Suwon South Korea
- C. C. H. Jui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- K. Kadota
- Department of Physics Tokyo City University Tokyo Japan
- F. Kakimoto
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Yokohama Japan
- O. Kalashev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- K. Kasahara
- Faculty of Systems Engineering and Science Shibaura Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
- S. Kasami
- Department of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Osaka Electro‐Communication University Osaka Japan
- S. Kawakami
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- K. Kawata
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- I. Kharuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- E. Kido
- Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Wako Japan
- H. B. Kim
- Department of Physics Research Institute of Natural Science Hanyang University Seoul Korea
- J. H. Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- J. H. Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- S. W. Kim
- Department of Physics SungKyunKwan University Suwon South Korea
- Y. Kimura
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- I. Komae
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- Y. Kubota
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Japan
- M. Kuznetsov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- Y. J. Kwon
- Department of Physics Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
- K. H. Lee
- Department of Physics SungKyunKwan University Suwon South Korea
- B. Lubsandorzhiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- J. P. Lundquist
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- T. Matsuyama
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- J. N. Matthews
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- R. Mayta
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- I. Myers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- S. Nagataki
- Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Wako Japan
- K. Nakai
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- R. Nakamura
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Japan
- T. Nakamura
- Faculty of Science Kochi University Kochi Japan
- A. Nakazawa
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Japan
- E. Nishio
- Department of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Osaka Electro‐Communication University Osaka Japan
- T. Nonaka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- S. Ogio
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- M. Ohnishi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- H. Ohoka
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- Y. Oku
- Department of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Osaka Electro‐Communication University Osaka Japan
- T. Okuda
- Department of Physical Sciences Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan
- Y. Omura
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- M. Ono
- Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Wako Japan
- A. Oshima
- College of Engineering Chubu University Kasugai Japan
- S. Ozawa
- Quantum ICT Advanced Development Center National Institute for Information and Communications Technology Tokyo Japan
- I. H. Park
- Department of Physics SungKyunKwan University Suwon South Korea
- M. Potts
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- M. S. Pshirkov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- D. C. Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- C. Rott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- G. I. Rubtsov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- D. Ryu
- Department of Physics School of Natural Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Korea
- H. Sagawa
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- N. Sakaki
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- T. Sako
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- N. Sakurai
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- K. Sato
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- T. Seki
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Japan
- K. Sekino
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- P. D. Shah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- Y. Shibasaki
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Japan
- N. Shibata
- Department of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Osaka Electro‐Communication University Osaka Japan
- T. Shibata
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- J. Shikita
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- H. Shimodaira
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- B. K. Shin
- Department of Physics School of Natural Sciences Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Korea
- H. S. Shin
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- D. Shinto
- Department of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Osaka Electro‐Communication University Osaka Japan
- J. D. Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- P. Sokolsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- B. T. Stokes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- T. A. Stroman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- K. Takahashi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- M. Takamura
- Department of Physics Tokyo University of Science Noda Japan
- M. Takeda
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- R. Takeishi
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- A. Taketa
- Earthquake Research Institute University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- M. Takita
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- Y. Tameda
- Department of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Osaka Electro‐Communication University Osaka Japan
- K. Tanaka
- Graduate School of Information Sciences Hiroshima City University Hiroshima Japan
- M. Tanaka
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies KEK Ibaraki Japan
- S. B. Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- G. B. Thomson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- P. Tinyakov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- I. Tkachev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- H. Tokuno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
- T. Tomida
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Japan
- S. Troitsky
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- R. Tsuda
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- Y. Tsunesada
- Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University Osaka Japan
- S. Udo
- Faculty of Engineering Kanagawa University Yokohama Japan
- T. Uehama
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Japan
- F. Urban
- CEICO Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- D. Warren
- Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory RIKEN Wako Japan
- T. Wong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- M. Yamamoto
- Academic Assembly School of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering Shinshu University Nagano Japan
- K. Yamazaki
- College of Engineering Chubu University Kasugai Japan
- K. Yashiro
- Department of Physics Tokyo University of Science Noda Japan
- F. Yoshida
- Department of Engineering Science Faculty of Engineering Osaka Electro‐Communication University Osaka Japan
- Y. Zhezher
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
- Z. Zundel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy High Energy Astrophysics Institute University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL102958
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 50,
no. 14
pp. n/a – n/a
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, we present the first high‐speed video observation of a cloud‐to‐ground lightning flash and its associated downward‐directed Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flash (TGF). The optical emission of the event was observed by a high‐speed video camera running at 40,000 frames per second in conjunction with the Telescope Array Surface Detector, Lightning Mapping Array, interferometer, electric‐field fast antenna, and the National Lightning Detection Network. The cloud‐to‐ground flash associated with the observed TGF was formed by a fast downward leader followed by a very intense return stroke peak current of −154 kA. The TGF occurred while the downward leader was below cloud base, and even when it was halfway in its propagation to ground. The suite of gamma‐ray and lightning instruments, timing resolution, and source proximity offer us detailed information and therefore a unique look at the TGF phenomena.
Keywords
