Infection and Drug Resistance (Feb 2024)
Treatment and Management of Acinetobacter Pneumonia: Lessons Learned from Recent World Event
Abstract
Karyne Rangel,1,2 Salvatore Giovanni De-Simone1– 4 1Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil; 2Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil; 3Program of Post-Graduation on Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, 22040-036, Brazil; 4Program of Post-Graduation on Parasitic Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, BrazilCorrespondence: Salvatore Giovanni De-Simone, Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Tel +55 2138658181, Email [email protected]: Acinetobacter pneumonia is a significant healthcare-associated infection that poses a considerable challenge to clinicians due to its multidrug-resistant nature. Recent world events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have highlighted the need for effective treatment and management strategies for Acinetobacter pneumonia. In this review, we discuss lessons learned from recent world events, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of the treatment and management of Acinetobacter pneumonia. We performed an extensive literature review to uncover studies and information pertinent to the topic. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of infection control measures in healthcare settings, including proper hand hygiene, isolation protocols, and personal protective equipment use, to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens like Acinetobacter. Additionally, the pandemic highlighted the crucial role of antimicrobial stewardship programs in optimizing antibiotic use and curbing the emergence of resistance. Advances in diagnostic techniques, such as rapid molecular testing, have also proven valuable in identifying Acinetobacter infections promptly. Furthermore, due to the limited availability of antibiotics for treating infections caused A. baumannii, alternative strategies are needed like the use of antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages and their enzymes, nanoparticles, photodynamic and chelate therapy. Recent world events, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, have provided valuable insights into the treatment and management of Acinetobacter pneumonia. These lessons emphasize the significance of infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, and early diagnostics in combating this challenging infection.Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP, hospital-acquired pneumonia, HAP, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, CRAB, pneumonia, COVID-19
