Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation (Oct 2021)
Disability Status, Unemployment, and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease (ALD) Mortality: A Large Sample Individual Level Longitudinal Study
Abstract
Augustine J Kposowa,1 Kevin Breault2 1Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; 2Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USACorrespondence: Kevin BreaultDepartment of Sociology and Anthropology, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E. Main Street, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USATel +1 615 948 8208Fax +1 615 898 5427Email [email protected]: Unlike previous research, we evaluate disability within expanded employment status factors and stratify gender, race and ethnicity in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) mortality in a large sample individual level longitudinal study.Materials and Methods: The National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS) was used covering the period 1990– 2011. Statistical analysis involved the use of proportional hazards regression on a sample of almost 1.4 million people aged 18 and older, of whom 2638 died of ALD by the end of the follow-up period.Results: With expanded employment status factors, disability (HR=3.76 [95%] CI 3.22, 4.39), unemployment (HR=1.90, CI 1.56, 2.31), and those not otherwise in the labor force (HR=2.31, CI 2.08, 2.56) were strongly related to ALD mortality compared to the employed. When stratified, gender, race, and ethnicity were not important modifiers in the relationships between disability, unemployment, those not in the labor force and subsequent ALD mortality. Consistent with other studies, males, minority status, living in a highly urban area, renting as opposed to owning a home, lower educational attainment, marital statuses other than marriage, low income, and age were related to ALD mortality.Conclusion: In addition to unemployment which has been previously studied in a large longitudinal sample, disabled people who were unable to work and those not looking for work had a higher risk of ALD mortality. Alcohol consumption, abuse and morbidity in these populations are of considerable clinical concern.Keywords: cirrhosis, hepatitis, disability, unemployment, gender
