Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Type 2‐Causing Coronavirus: Variants and Preventive Strategies

Abstract

Abstract COVID‐19 vaccines have constituted a substantial scientific leap in countering severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2‐causing coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2), and worldwide implementation of vaccination programs has significantly contributed to the global pandemic effort by saving many lives. However, the continuous evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 viral genome has resulted in different variants with a diverse range of mutations, some with enhanced virulence compared with previous lineages. Such variants are still a great concern as they have the potential to reduce vaccine efficacy and increase the viral transmission rate. This review summarizes the significant variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 encountered to date (December 2021) and discusses a spectrum of possible preventive strategies, with an emphasis on physical and materials science.

Keywords

• COVID‐19
• prevention
• severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2‐causing coronavirus
• spike protein mutations
• variant of concern