Ways to Implement Non-Antibacterial Effects of Antibiotics Widely Used in Clinical Practice

Abstract

The article provides a review of the literature on the mechanisms of entry and action of antibiotics of various classes on the cellular systems of the human body. The non-antibacterial effects of antimicrobials widely used in clinical practice are considered. The results of authors' own studies of the biophysical mechanisms of antibiotics interaction with eukaryotic cells are presented on the example of the «antibiotic-erythrocyte» model system. A certain affinity of antibiotics for human erythrocyte cells was revealed using biophysical methods (recording osmotic and acid erythrograms, scanning electron microscopy, absorption spectrophotometry, protolithometric titration). It was shown that when the studied antibiotics penetrate into the cells, they induce heterogeneous changes in erythrocyte populations, affecting their polymorphism and the number of biconcave discocytes. A dose-dependent effect of structural modifications of cells, determined by the time of interaction with antibiotics and their chemical structure, was revealed. Antibiotics induce a change in the structural and functional properties of intraerythrocyte hemoglobin, which is reflected, inter alia, in a decrease in the concentration of the hemoproteid met-forms. The presented review of the results of authors' own studies, as well as the literature data, allows authors to consider antibiotics as modifying agents, causing a typical reaction of the erythron of the peripheral unit to the pathogenetic effect.

Keywords

• antibiotics
• red blood cells
• surface architectonics
• absorption spectrophotometry