Frontiers in Psychology (Jan 2023)
Building a transdisciplinary expert consensus on the cognitive drivers of performance under pressure: An international multi-panel Delphi study
- Lucy Albertella,
- Rebecca Kirkham,
- Amy B. Adler,
- John Crampton,
- Sean P. A. Drummond,
- Gerard J. Fogarty,
- James J. Gross,
- Leonard Zaichkowsky,
- Judith P. Andersen,
- Paul T. Bartone,
- Danny Boga,
- Jeffrey W. Bond,
- Tad T. Brunyé,
- Mark J. Campbell,
- Liliana G. Ciobanu,
- Scott R. Clark,
- Monique F. Crane,
- Arne Dietrich,
- Tracy J. Doty,
- James E. Driskell,
- Ivar Fahsing,
- Stephen M. Fiore,
- Rhona Flin,
- Joachim Funke,
- Justine M. Gatt,
- Justine M. Gatt,
- P. A. Hancock,
- Craig Harper,
- Andrew Heathcote,
- Andrew Heathcote,
- Kristin J. Heaton,
- Werner F. Helsen,
- Erika K. Hussey,
- Robin C. Jackson,
- Sangeet Khemlani,
- William D. S. Killgore,
- Sabina Kleitman,
- Andrew M. Lane,
- Shayne Loft,
- Clare MacMahon,
- Samuele M. Marcora,
- Frank P. McKenna,
- Carla Meijen,
- Vanessa Moulton,
- Gene M. Moyle,
- Eugene Nalivaiko,
- Eugene Nalivaiko,
- Donna O'Connor,
- Dorothea O’Conor,
- Debra Patton,
- Mark D. Piccolo,
- Coleman Ruiz,
- Linda Schücker,
- Ron A. Smith,
- Sarah J. R. Smith,
- Chava Sobrino,
- Melba Stetz,
- Damien Stewart,
- Paul Taylor,
- Paul Taylor,
- Andrew J. Tucker,
- Haike van Stralen,
- Joan N. Vickers,
- Troy A. W Visser,
- Rohan Walker,
- Rohan Walker,
- Mark W. Wiggins,
- Andrew Mark Williams,
- Leonard Wong,
- Eugene Aidman,
- Eugene Aidman,
- Murat Yücel
Affiliations
- Lucy Albertella
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Rebecca Kirkham
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Amy B. Adler
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- John Crampton
- APS College of Sport and Exercise Psychologists, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sean P. A. Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Gerard J. Fogarty
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- James J. Gross
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Leonard Zaichkowsky
- Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Judith P. Andersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Paul T. Bartone
- National Defense University, Washington, DC, United States
- Danny Boga
- Australian Army Psychology Corps, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Jeffrey W. Bond
- APS College of Sport and Exercise Psychologists, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Tad T. Brunyé
- 0U.S. Army DEVCOM Analysis Center, Natick, MA, United States
- Mark J. Campbell
- 1Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Liliana G. Ciobanu
- 2Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Scott R. Clark
- 2Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Monique F. Crane
- 3School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Arne Dietrich
- 4Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Tracy J. Doty
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- James E. Driskell
- 5Florida Maxima Corporation, Orlando, FL, United States
- Ivar Fahsing
- 6Norwegian Police University College, Oslo, Norway
- Stephen M. Fiore
- 7Department of Psychology, and Institute of Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Rhona Flin
- 8Aberdeen Business School, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Joachim Funke
- 9Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Justine M. Gatt
- 0School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Justine M. Gatt
- 1Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- P. A. Hancock
- 7Department of Psychology, and Institute of Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Craig Harper
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Andrew Heathcote
- 2The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Andrew Heathcote
- 3School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Kristin J. Heaton
- 4US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA, United States
- Werner F. Helsen
- 5Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Erika K. Hussey
- 6Defense Innovation Unit, Mountain View, CA, United States
- Robin C. Jackson
- 7School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Sangeet Khemlani
- 8United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
- William D. S. Killgore
- 9Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Sabina Kleitman
- 0School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
- Andrew M. Lane
- 2Sport, Physical Activity Research Centre (SPARC), School of Sport, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
- Shayne Loft
- 3School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Clare MacMahon
- 4School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Samuele M. Marcora
- 5Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Frank P. McKenna
- 6Department of Psychology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Carla Meijen
- 7Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- Vanessa Moulton
- 8Mindflex Group Ltd, London, United Kingdom
- Gene M. Moyle
- 9Faculty of Creative Industries, Education and Social Justice, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Eugene Nalivaiko
- 2The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Eugene Nalivaiko
- 3School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Donna O'Connor
- 1Sydney School of Education and Social Work, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
- Dorothea O’Conor
- 0Department of Defense, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Debra Patton
- 1United States Department of Defense, Washington DC, United States
- Mark D. Piccolo
- 2Fire Rescue Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Coleman Ruiz
- 3Mission Critical Team Institute, Annapolis, MD, United States
- Linda Schücker
- 4Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Ron A. Smith
- 5Consultant, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sarah J. R. Smith
- 6Defense Science and Technology Laboratory, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Chava Sobrino
- 7NSW Institute of Sport and Diving, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melba Stetz
- 8Independent Practitioner, Grand Ledge, MI, United States
- Damien Stewart
- 9Room23 Psychology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Paul Taylor
- 2The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Paul Taylor
- 3School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Andrew J. Tucker
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Haike van Stralen
- 0Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care, Altrecht, Netherlands
- Joan N. Vickers
- 1Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Troy A. W Visser
- 3School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Rohan Walker
- 2The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Rohan Walker
- 3School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Mark W. Wiggins
- 3School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Andrew Mark Williams
- 2Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Florida, IL, United States
- Leonard Wong
- 3United States Army War College, Carlisle, PA, United States
- Eugene Aidman
- 2The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Eugene Aidman
- 4Decision Sciences Division, Defense Science and Technology Group, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Murat Yücel
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017675
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13
Abstract
IntroductionThe ability to perform optimally under pressure is critical across many occupations, including the military, first responders, and competitive sport. Despite recognition that such performance depends on a range of cognitive factors, how common these factors are across performance domains remains unclear. The current study sought to integrate existing knowledge in the performance field in the form of a transdisciplinary expert consensus on the cognitive mechanisms that underlie performance under pressure.MethodsInternational experts were recruited from four performance domains [(i) Defense; (ii) Competitive Sport; (iii) Civilian High-stakes; and (iv) Performance Neuroscience]. Experts rated constructs from the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework (and several expert-suggested constructs) across successive rounds, until all constructs reached consensus for inclusion or were eliminated. Finally, included constructs were ranked for their relative importance.ResultsSixty-eight experts completed the first Delphi round, with 94% of experts retained by the end of the Delphi process. The following 10 constructs reached consensus across all four panels (in order of overall ranking): (1) Attention; (2) Cognitive Control—Performance Monitoring; (3) Arousal and Regulatory Systems—Arousal; (4) Cognitive Control—Goal Selection, Updating, Representation, and Maintenance; (5) Cognitive Control—Response Selection and Inhibition/Suppression; (6) Working memory—Flexible Updating; (7) Working memory—Active Maintenance; (8) Perception and Understanding of Self—Self-knowledge; (9) Working memory—Interference Control, and (10) Expert-suggested—Shifting.DiscussionOur results identify a set of transdisciplinary neuroscience-informed constructs, validated through expert consensus. This expert consensus is critical to standardizing cognitive assessment and informing mechanism-targeted interventions in the broader field of human performance optimization.
Keywords
