Reviewing global development of multi-hazard early warning system with the perspective of its development in Indonesia

Abstract

Never before a catastrophe brought an influence of the world’s attention like the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 (IOT04). Before IOT04, states of the development of Early Warning System technology (EWS) was not as advanced and progressive as it is today. Together with the unavoidable impacts of climate change, disasters - both geologically and hydro-meteorological - are increasingly becoming the mainstream of global concern. Likewise, it’s EWS technology. This paper reviews the global development of EWS technologies, both related with geologically and hydro-meteorologically: before IOT04, current, and future development vision. The discussion of UN Agencies in the series of endeavor undertaken to embody Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2030 leads to a vision of the future development of EWS technology. Three factors become the primary drivers of EWS progress, among others, the growing awareness of the community that alter the form of a requirement of early warning information, the state of development of information technology, and observational instrumentation. The perspective of its application in Indonesia is also discussed.