Study of average valence and valence electron distribution of several oxides using X-ray photoelectron spectra

L.L. Ding; L.Q. Wu; X.S. Ge; Y.N. Du; J.J. Qian; G.D. Tang; W. Zhong

Results in Physics (Jun 2018)

Study of average valence and valence electron distribution of several oxides using X-ray photoelectron spectra

L.L. Ding,
L.Q. Wu,
X.S. Ge,
Y.N. Du,
J.J. Qian,
G.D. Tang,
W. Zhong

Affiliations

L.L. Ding: Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang City 050024, People’s Republic of China
L.Q. Wu: Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang City 050024, People’s Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
X.S. Ge: Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang City 050024, People’s Republic of China
Y.N. Du: Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang City 050024, People’s Republic of China
J.J. Qian: Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang City 050024, People’s Republic of China
G.D. Tang: Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang City 050024, People’s Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China; Corresponding author at: Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang City 050024, People’s Republic of China.
W. Zhong: Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 9
pp. 866 – 870

Abstract

Read online

X-ray photoelectron spectra of the O 1s electrons of MnFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, ZnO, and CaO were used to estimate the average valence, ValO, of the oxygen anions in these samples. The absolute values of ValO for these samples were found to be distinctly lower than the traditional value of 2.0, suggesting that the total average valences of the cations are also lower than the conventionally accepted values owing to valence balance in the compounds. In addition, we analyzed the valence band spectra of the samples and investigated the distribution characteristics of the valence electrons. Keywords: Spinel ferrite, X-ray photoelectron spectra, Valence electron, Average valence, Ionization energy

Published in Results in Physics

ISSN: 2211-3797 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Science: Physics
Website: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/results-in-physics/

About the journal