Research on Sleep Dynamics in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Using Simple Sleep Testing

Abstract

Sleep-disordered breathing affects children’s growth and development, mental health, and learning ability. Postoperative scarring causes anteroposterior and vertical developmental disorders of the maxilla. Obstructive apnea is likely to occur due to the influence on the maxillofacial and airway morphology. In this study, we investigated the sleep-respiratory dynamics of school-aged children with unilateral cleft lip and palate by performing a simple overnight sleep study, maxillofacial morphology, airway analysis using lateral cranial radiographs, and model analysis. Children with unilateral cleft lip and palate showed a significantly higher respiratory event index (REI) than normal children; the maxilla was located in the posterior position in terms of maxillofacial morphology and airway morphology showed narrow values for all distance measurement items. Moreover, the width and length of the dental arch and the width of the alveolar base arch were significantly smaller. Furthermore, REI and SNA, ANB, and REI were negatively correlated with alveolar base arch width. Children with unilateral cleft lip and palate are more likely than normal children to develop sleep-disordered breathing due to increased airway resistance caused by undergrowth of the maxilla and narrowing of the upper airway and oral volume.

Keywords

• cleft palate
• apnea hypopnea index
• out-of-center sleep testing (OCST)
• respiratory event index (REI)