Influence of the Alcoholic/Ethanolic Extract of <i>Mangifera indica</i> Residues on the Green Synthesis of FeO Nanoparticles and Their Application for the Remediation of Agricultural Soils

Abstract

The green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO NP) has been investigated using the extract in absolute ethanolic and alcoholic solvents 96% from the peel of the mango fruit (Mangifera indica), thus evaluating the influence of the type of solvent on the extraction of reducing metabolites. A broad approach to characterization initially controlled by UV-vis spectrophotometry has been directed, the formation mechanism was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the magnetic properties by characterization by Physical Property Measurement System (PPSM), in addition to a large number of techniques such as X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (DRX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM/STEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and Z potential to confirm the formation of FeO NP. The results suggest better characteristics for FeO NP synthesized using 96% alcoholic solvent extract. The successful synthesis was directly proven in the removal of metals (Cr-VI, Cd, and Pb) as a potential alternative in the remediation of agricultural soils.

Keywords

• FeO nanoparticles
• green synthesis
• <i>Mangifera indica</i>
• soil remediation
• metal removal