Microplastics and phagotrophic soil protists: evidence of ingestion

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) can now be found in all the Earth’s biomes, thereby representing a global change phenomenon with largely unknown consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Soil protists are eukaryotic, primarily single celled organisms that play important roles in the soil food web. Microplastics have been shown to affect protist populations in freshwater and marine environments. However, the interactions between soil protists and MPs remain largely unknown. Here we examined whether phagotrophic soil protists can ingest MPs and, if so, whether they experience declines in abundance. We exposed protists to soil treatments with different concentrations of MPs using commercial polymer fluorescent microspheres and used fluorescence microscopy to find evidence of MP ingestion. In addition, we quantified the total number of active phagotrophic protists over time. We show that most soil protists (> 75 % individuals) can readily ingest and keep MPs within their food vacuoles, even at relatively small MP concentrations (0.1 % w/w). There was a trend for higher prevalence of ingestion and for declines in protist abundance at the highest concentration of MPs (1 % w/w). However, more data are necessary to further ascertain cause-effect relationships. This is the first report indicating that soil protists can play an important role in the transport and uptake of MPs in the soil food web.

Keywords

• plastic pollution
• soil ecotoxicology
• global change
• soil biota