Nauka ta progres transportu (Jun 2018)
UNSTEADY OPERATING MODES OF THE MAIN DRIVE UNIT OF A MACHINE-TOOLS FOR SOLID RAILWAY WHEELS PROCESSING
Abstract
Purpose. The paper deals with determining the conditions of the dynamic overload formation for a drive unit in the wheel-processing machine in various unsteady operating modes and suggests ways to reduce it. Methodology. The problem was solved by creating a dynamic computational multi-mass chain model followed by modeling of its loading by external force options, the values of which were obtained by analytical and experimental methods. The solution to equations of motion with determining the load of the drive unit in the transient acceleration mode and in the tie-in one was carried out by means of MathCad. Findings. The design scheme for the drive unit of the rotational movement of the machine faceplate is represented by a linear three-mass row system with two elastic connections and with three absolute degrees of freedom. The analytical determination of the cutting force moments takes into account changes in the kinematic parameters of the cutting regime when machining the different sections of the profile with cup-tip tool. The worst case of load application is accepted with simultaneous insertion of tools. The equivalent torque of the cutting forces is defined as the sum of the moments from each of the tools at multi-cut machining. The moments of elasticity of bonds in the steady state of the machine drive unit are determined. Dynamic loads with coefficients of dynamism in the bonds Kd12 = 1.13 and Kd23 = 1.04 are insignificant in the tie-in mode and rapidly decrease their value. Absolute values of the twisting elastic moment in the C23 bond in the start-up mode are insignificant and much less than the values of the steady load. Using the method of calculation and experimental research, a significant dynamic overload of the machine drive unit in the mode of rheostat start-up by a directcurrent motor was established. The reactive elastic moment with the periodic change is 2.7 times higher than the nominal moment of steady processing regime. Originality. Authors created the elastic dynamic model of the machine drive unit for the processing of railway wheels. In accordance with the model, the equations of mass motion and bond loading are compiled and solved. The theoretical conditions for reducing the drive unit loading are determined. Practical value. Based on the simulation of the transient drive start-up process, significant overloads of its elements have been determined. They are several times higher than the response of elastic bonds during cutting. To prevent this, it is recommended to change the mode of multistage starting of the engine with a decrease of the starting current by at least two times up to a value of not more than 1 200 A.
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