METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND MAIN INDICATORS OF RADIATION MONITORING OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

The degree of migration activity of artificial radioactive substances in the environment is determined by the biogeochemical features of the landscape. The geochemical concept of monitoring of the environment, in particular, its component part - radiation monitoring is present-ed. The main object of the final radioecological assessment of the territory should be the catchment basin with its individual set of land-scape features, which determine the differences in the aqueous removal of radionuclides from different basins in the same climate zone. In this case, the catchment area is the ideal object to overcome the problems of discrete estimates related to the uneven pollution. Twelve prin-ciples of radiation monitoring have been formulated, including the justification of the list of controlled (level I) and forecast indicators of II-III levels, the ultimate goal of which is to determine the barrier stability of the territories adjacent to radiation hazardous objects. Barrier resistance is the indicator that combines individual elements of the environment or landscape in the chains: soil – soil-forming rocks-underground waters; soil – water-bearing rocks – groundwater – surface waters; soil – surface water; air – soil – plants, etc. Chains with one major donor and one acceptor are simple, and systems that evaluate the complex barrier stability by the total barrier function of sev-eral components are complex.The main integrated indicators of the barrier resistance of the catchment and the protection of its water sys-tem must be the share and module of removal of the radionuclides from the catchment area and the nature of their changes in time.

Keywords

• radiation monitoring
• factors
• geochemical background
• radionuclides water drainage
• landscape
• radiological indices
• catchment basin