Active and passive control of nanoparticles in squeezing flow under the influence of magnetic field of variable intensity

Abstract

According to researchers, the nano-particles utilized in nano-fluids are typically comprised of metals, oxides, carbides, or carbon nanotubes. Nano-fluids have a wide range of applications including heat transfer, soil remediation, lubrication, oil recovery, and detergency. The current study focuses on the investigation of the active and passive control of nanoparticles between the squeezing plates in the presence of a magnetic field. The traditional Navier-Stokes nano-fluid equation along with the Maxwell equation, the magnetic force term, the energy equation, and the volume fraction equation are converted into the ordinary differential equations for establishing natural parameters. The Coupled systems of non-linear ODEs are then solved numerically through parametric continuation method. The Nusselt number, entropy generation, and nanoparticles volume fractions profiles are shown graphically to see the effect of several parameter under consideration. For accuracy, the results obtained by PCM has been compared with the result by BVP4C. It has been observed that the increase in the squeezing parameter decreases the fluid temperature. The active control of nano-particles decreases the mass transfer while passive control increases the mass transfer. Also, the active and passive of nanoparticles increases the temperature gradient with the increase of thermophoresis parameter. The same but opposite behavior is also observed for mass transfer. The increase in Ω , Pr , and Ec for active and passive of nanoparticles and boundary layer thickness decreases the entropy generation.