Phenotypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease: classification, pathogenesis and diagnostic criteria: A review

Abstract

The literature review focuses on the current understanding of visceral hypersensitivity mechanisms in the esophagus. Mechanisms of peripheral and central sensitization and their relation to heartburn symptoms are covered in detail. Diagnostic criteria and algorithms for non-erosive reflux disease, functional heartburn, and esophagus hypersensitivity based on pH-impedance testing and high-resolution esophageal manometry data are presented.

Keywords

• heartburn
• gastroesophageal reflux disease
• nonerosive reflux disease
• functional heartburn
• hypersensitive esophagus
• visceral hypersensitivity
• ph-impedance testing
• high-resolution esophageal manometry