Effects of core characteristics on seepage through earth dams

Abstract

In this research, SEEP2D and SEEP/W numerical models are used to simulate seepage through earth dams with internal cores. In order to evaluate the two models' performance, they were compared in cases with no, vertical, and wedge-shaped cores. SEEP/W was then used to study further cases due to its accuracy in drawing the phreatic line within the core zone. The effect of the core's characteristics on the amount of discharge, and the phreatic line's levels at the core's upstream and downstream faces were investigated. Four core types – vertical, wedge-shaped, upstream inclined, and downstream inclined – were considered. Different hydraulic conductivities, upper widths, and core slopes were also evaluated. The wedge-shaped core is the most effective of those investigated in reducing seepage discharge and the phreatic line's level at the core's downstream face, the vertical core came second. Design equations are provided for all the core shapes considered in the study. HIGHLIGHTS Compares the performance of SEEP2D and SEEP/W numerical models in simulating earth dams with internal cores.; Evaluates the most effective earth dam core shape.; Covers downstream inclined cores, which have not been considered previously in the literature.; Investigates the effect of core characteristics on seepage discharge and the phreatic line.; Suggests design equations for the core types studied.;

Keywords

• earth dam with core
• hydraulic structures
• phreatic line
• seepage
• seep/w model
• seep2d model