Frontiers in Aquaculture (Dec 2024)
A case study on the effect of aquaculture operations on the physiology and behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during two heat events on a commercial farm
Abstract
Aquaculture farms represent a complex 3D environment and face regular seasonal challenges such as acute and chronically elevated temperatures during summer. Further, fish are exposed to the interaction between their environment and farm operations, which can cause challenging conditions. In the context of modern net-pen aquaculture and ocean warming, there is therefore a need to understand the welfare of these commercially important species under the realistic conditions they encounter. Fish were tagged with two types of biologgers measuring temperature, heart rate, external acceleration, and depth of fish as they experienced standard aquaculture operations over two periods of thermal stress, one short-term and one long-term. The fish response during the thermal stress events was compared with the periods preceding and following both events, and an additional analysis was carried out to further explore the effects of feeding and farm operations. Fish displayed signs of both secondary and potentially tertiary stress in response to the short- and long-term heat event and both heart rate and acceleration increased in response to feeding but displayed a more nuanced response to operations. As part of the broader concept of precision fish farming, this research, based on data from 7 individual fish, represents a case study that presents the potential use of biologgers as tools for recognising early signs of stress by observing the secondary stress response, thereby demonstrating the potential for informed and timely stress identification to guide farm management decisions to enhance fish welfare and production efficiency in commercial aquaculture.
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