زبان کاوی کاربردی (Feb 2024)
Examination of Compound Verbs in the Persian Language through Corpus Analysis [In Persian]
Abstract
The systematic investigation and study of individual grammatical issues facilitate a more scientific and comprehensible approach to describing, analyzing, and instructing language. In Persian, verbs are categorized into five structural types. Compound verbs, aside from their syntactic function in a sentence, have long been a topic of contention among linguists due to their unique characteristics and distinguishing features. This extensive research, conducted over several years and based on a comprehensive corpus of 5500 compound verbs, delineates their attributes, classifications, and varied usage within the Persian language. The emphasis lies on the selection, application, and prevalence of these verbs, rather than on their potential constructions. Naturally, the actual number of compound verbs surpasses this figure, with novel compound verbs being coined depending on the context and communication needs. The data from this corpus is representative of over ninety percent of the compound verbs in contemporary Persian. Some of these verbs exhibit versatility, being adaptable to different contexts in diverse forms not exhaustively listed. By synthesizing the insights of prominent grammarians and linguists, this study elucidates the characteristics, circumstances, and applications of compound verbs. The findings underscore that compound verbs, owing to their amalgamative nature, are the most prevalent verb type, showcasing a wide array of combinations where numerous nouns and adjectives are fused with verbs. This type, characterized by its dynamic quality, underscores the integrative essence of the Persian language. A key method for identifying these verbs is through independent analysis of each sentence, particularly as many new concepts and foreign terms are integrated into Persian through verb combinations. Compound verbs can consist of more than two words and structurally resemble a blend of noun/adjective + verb, conveying a unified meaning. The formation of compound verbs involves a mix of simple, prefix, and compound verbs, totaling 84 verbs, with "Kardan" and "Shodan" being the most frequently used. Furthermore, many compound verbs transition into passive voice with "Shodan." The components of compound verbs exhibit three distinct placement conditions: in some instances, they are inseparable; in others, there exists a space between components without separation; and in many cases, the components are detached from each other, excluding the verb from the combination, thus significantly impacting contemporary spoken language through this segregation of elements
