Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution (Apr 2019)
Multiple Introductions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage 2–Beijing Into Africa Over Centuries
- Liliana K. Rutaihwa,
- Liliana K. Rutaihwa,
- Liliana K. Rutaihwa,
- Fabrizio Menardo,
- Fabrizio Menardo,
- David Stucki,
- David Stucki,
- Sebastian M. Gygli,
- Sebastian M. Gygli,
- Serej D. Ley,
- Serej D. Ley,
- Serej D. Ley,
- Serej D. Ley,
- Bijaya Malla,
- Bijaya Malla,
- Bijaya Malla,
- Julia Feldmann,
- Julia Feldmann,
- Sonia Borrell,
- Sonia Borrell,
- Christian Beisel,
- Kerren Middelkoop,
- Kerren Middelkoop,
- E. Jane Carter,
- E. Jane Carter,
- Lameck Diero,
- Marie Ballif,
- Levan Jugheli,
- Levan Jugheli,
- Klaus Reither,
- Klaus Reither,
- Lukas Fenner,
- Lukas Fenner,
- Lukas Fenner,
- Daniela Brites,
- Daniela Brites,
- Sebastien Gagneux,
- Sebastien Gagneux
Affiliations
- Liliana K. Rutaihwa
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Liliana K. Rutaihwa
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Liliana K. Rutaihwa
- Department of Intervention and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
- Fabrizio Menardo
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Fabrizio Menardo
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- David Stucki
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- David Stucki
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Sebastian M. Gygli
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Sebastian M. Gygli
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Serej D. Ley
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Serej D. Ley
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Serej D. Ley
- Infection and Immunity Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
- Serej D. Ley
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Bijaya Malla
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Bijaya Malla
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Bijaya Malla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Julia Feldmann
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Julia Feldmann
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Sonia Borrell
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Sonia Borrell
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Christian Beisel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
- Kerren Middelkoop
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
- Kerren Middelkoop
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- E. Jane Carter
- 0Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- E. Jane Carter
- 1Department of Medicine, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
- Lameck Diero
- 1Department of Medicine, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
- Marie Ballif
- 2Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Levan Jugheli
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Levan Jugheli
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Klaus Reither
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Klaus Reither
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Lukas Fenner
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Lukas Fenner
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Lukas Fenner
- 2Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Daniela Brites
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Daniela Brites
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Sebastien Gagneux
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Sebastien Gagneux
- University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00112
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 7
Abstract
The Lineage 2–Beijing (L2–Beijing) sub-lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has received much attention due to its high virulence, fast disease progression, and association with antibiotic resistance. Despite several reports of the recent emergence of L2–Beijing in Africa, no study has investigated the evolutionary history of this sub-lineage on the continent. In this study, we used whole genome sequences of 781 L2 clinical strains from 14 geographical regions globally distributed to investigate the origins and onward spread of this lineage in Africa. Our results reveal multiple introductions of L2–Beijing into Africa linked to independent bacterial populations from East- and Southeast Asia. Bayesian analyses further indicate that these introductions occurred during the past 300 years, with most of these events pre-dating the antibiotic era. Hence, the success of L2–Beijing in Africa is most likely due to its hypervirulence and high transmissibility rather than drug resistance.
Keywords
