eLife (Apr 2021)

The biphasic and age-dependent impact of klotho on hallmarks of aging and skeletal muscle function

  • Zachary Clemens,
  • Sruthi Sivakumar,
  • Abish Pius,
  • Amrita Sahu,
  • Sunita Shinde,
  • Hikaru Mamiya,
  • Nathaniel Luketich,
  • Jian Cui,
  • Purushottam Dixit,
  • Joerg D Hoeck,
  • Sebastian Kreuz,
  • Michael Franti,
  • Aaron Barchowsky,
  • Fabrisia Ambrosio

DOI
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.61138
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10

Abstract

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Aging is accompanied by disrupted information flow, resulting from accumulation of molecular mistakes. These mistakes ultimately give rise to debilitating disorders including skeletal muscle wasting, or sarcopenia. To derive a global metric of growing ‘disorderliness’ of aging muscle, we employed a statistical physics approach to estimate the state parameter, entropy, as a function of genes associated with hallmarks of aging. Escalating network entropy reached an inflection point at old age, while structural and functional alterations progressed into oldest-old age. To probe the potential for restoration of molecular ‘order’ and reversal of the sarcopenic phenotype, we systemically overexpressed the longevity protein, Klotho, via AAV. Klotho overexpression modulated genes representing all hallmarks of aging in old and oldest-old mice, but pathway enrichment revealed directions of changes were, for many genes, age-dependent. Functional improvements were also age-dependent. Klotho improved strength in old mice, but failed to induce benefits beyond the entropic tipping point.

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