CCL2 and CXCL12 Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Cooperatively Polarize IL-10+ Tissue Macrophages to Mitigate Gut Injury

Abstract

Summary: Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy for inflammatory diseases involves paracrine and efferocytotic activation of immunosuppressive interleukin-10+ (IL-10+) macrophages. The paracrine pathway for MSC-mediated IL-10+ macrophage functionality and response to tissue injury is not fully understood. In our present study, clodronate pre-treatment of colitic mice confirms the essential role of endogenous macrophages in bone-marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC)-mediated clinical rescue of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. We identify that BM-MSC-secreted chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) cooperate as a heterodimer to upregulate IL-10 expression in CCR2+ macrophages in vitro and that CCL2 expression by MSC is required for IL-10+ polarization of intestinal and peritoneal resident macrophages in vivo. We observe that tissue macrophage IL-10 polarization in vivo is widespread involving extra-intestinal tissues and secondarily leads to bystander IL-10 expression in intestine-resident B and T cells. In conclusion, the BM-MSC-derived chemokine interactome dictates an IL-10+-macrophage-amplified anti-inflammatory response in toxic colitis. : Giri et al. show that the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12, secreted from bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, upregulate IL-10 expression in CCR2+ macrophages. These polarized macrophages reduce tissue inflammation in colitis. Keywords: DSS Colitis, mesenchymal stromal cells, macrophages, CCL2, CXCL12, CCR2, IL-10