The Functional and Morphological Symbolic Significance of Some Tombstones Models from the Kirklar Cemetery in Eastern Caucasus during the 14th century AH/20TH AD.

Abstract

This paper explores The aspects of public life accompanying the Islamic community during the mid-20th century by studying some tombstones Models and how they relate to the accounts of contemporary historical records. This dealt with study and publication of some tombstones Models from Kirklar Cemetery and how to identify their written content and decorative elements, then turns to indicate symbolic, functional and formal Significancs.This paper also accompanies the reuse of tombstones located in Islamic cemeteries and their exploitation in re-history, followed by the study of the epigraphic inscriptions and decorative elements and their identification of their importance, symbolic connotations, religious purpose, and social role on the tombstones and keeping pace with the period of Russian annexation in the East Caucasus to the Federation. This study is divided into two parts: the descriptive study of (4) tombstones models. Analytical study of the general style compared to the early Islamic and in the middle Ages, with an exploration of artistic treatments, and the formation of artistic analysis of written elements and decorative contents, in addition to identifying the symbolic significance of the use of decorations, slogans and colors in revealing the aspects surrounding the Islamic society in the East Caucasus at the time. Then followed by a study of Arabic calligraphy development’s, letter‘s shapes, then create a historical record of the names, titles and nicknames and using them in classifying the general features of the tombstone models of in that period with some examples of illustrations and manual shape dumps,The search is appended with a conclusion with the most important results

Keywords

• tombstone
• caucasus
• twentieth century
• symbolic connotations
• diacritics