Sample size estimation in research: Necessity or compromise?

Abstract

An adequately powered sample is essential for accurate parameter estimation and meaningful significance testing. It is important to balance sample size with practical considerations such as cost and feasibility. Sample size calculation is guided by key factors such as effect size, variability, power, and significance levels. While complex formulas and software aid precision, practical rules of thumb and strategies can also be used effectively. Transparent documentation of the rationale and methods used for sample size calculation is vital for ensuring reproducibility.

Keywords

• sample size estimation