Application of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde thiocarbohydrazone as a chromogenic ligand for cadmium(II) detection and removal from water and food

Abstract

Background: Cadmium, a hazardous element, is indeed naturally present in the environment and can pose serious health risks to people exposed to it through air, food, or water. Exposure to cadmium has been linked to a range of health issues, including kidney, liver, and lung failure. Methods: Various samples from different sources are analyzed for their cobalt(II) content by extraction followed by UV–visible spectrophotometry and compared with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The reagent 2-chlorobenzaldehyde thiocarbohydrazone forms yellow 1:2 [Cd(II)-2CBTCH] complex in ethylene chloridewhich was extracted from an acetate buffer (pH 5.8) and observed maximum absorbance at 420 nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the complex was reported to be 0.7868 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1 and 0.01428 µg cm−2. The method obeys Beer's law in the range of 3.5–9.5 µg mL−1 of [Cd(II)-2CBTCH] complex, which indicates linearity between two variables. For five replicate determinations (n = 5), the standard deviation was 0.84 with the regression equations as y = 0.0661 x + 0.01 with R2 = 0.999 as the correlation coefficient. The relative standard deviation (% R.S.D.) was found to be 0.84. Conclusion: The method was effectively used in variety of foods and water samples and was evaluated its performance in terms of Student ‘t’ test and Variance ‘f’ test, which indicates the significance of the present method as an inter comparison of the experimental values using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Keywords

• 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde thiocarbohydrazone
• Cadmium(II)
• Food samples
• Spectrophotometric determination
• Water samples