Frontiers in Pediatrics (Jun 2020)

Pediatric NMOSD: A Review and Position Statement on Approach to Work-Up and Diagnosis

  • Silvia Tenembaum,
  • E. Ann Yeh,
  • The Guthy-Jackson Foundation International Clinical Consortium (GJCF-ICC),
  • Hesham Abboud,
  • Raed Alroughani,
  • Ayse Altintas,
  • Lilyana Amezcua,
  • Metha Apiwattanakul,
  • Nasrin Asgari,
  • Brenda Banwell,
  • Jeffrey Bennett,
  • Denis Bichuetti,
  • Terrence F. Blaschke,
  • James Bowen,
  • Alexey Boyko,
  • Alexander Brandt,
  • Simon Broadley,
  • Wolfgang Brück,
  • Edgar Carnero Contentti,
  • Robert Carruthers,
  • Tanuja Chitnis,
  • Jeffrey Cohen,
  • Guillermo Delgado-García,,
  • Irena Dujmovic Basuroski,
  • Nikos Evangelou,
  • Kazuo Fujihara,
  • Andrew Goodman,
  • Benjamin Greenberg,
  • May Han,
  • Joachim Havla,
  • Kerstin Hellwig,
  • Jyh Yung Hor,
  • Raffaele Iorio,
  • Anu Jacob,
  • Sven Jarius,
  • Jorge Andres Jimenez Arango,
  • Ilana Katz Sand,
  • Kim Ho Jin,
  • Kim Sung Min,
  • Dorlan Kimbrough,
  • Najib Kissani,
  • Eric Klawiter,
  • Ingo Kleiter,
  • Marco Lana-Peixoto,
  • Maria Isabel Leite,
  • Michael Levy,
  • Yaou Liu,
  • Fred Lublin,
  • Youssoufa Maiga,
  • Yang Mao-Draayer,
  • Romain Marignier,
  • Sara Mariotto,
  • Marcelo Matiello,
  • Esther Melamed,
  • Callene Momtazee,
  • Ichiro Nakashima,
  • Jayne Ness,
  • Celia Oreja-Guevara,
  • Jacqueline Palace,
  • Lekha Pandit,
  • Friedemann Paul,
  • Sarah Planchon Pope,
  • Pröbstel Anne-Katrin,
  • Peiqing Qian,
  • Chao Quan,
  • Pavle Repovic,
  • Claire Riley,
  • Marius Ringelstein,
  • Dalia Rotstein,
  • Charité Klemens Ruprecht,
  • Sá Maria José,
  • Albert Saiz,
  • Douglas Sato,
  • Eslam Shosha,
  • Nancy Sicotte,
  • Sasitorn Siritho,
  • Aksel Siva,
  • Terry J. Smith,
  • de Castillo Ibis Soto,
  • Silva Tenembaum,
  • Leticia Tornes,
  • Pablo Villoslada,
  • Dean Wingerchuk,
  • Jens Wüfel,
  • Bassem Yamout,
  • Michael R. Yeaman,
  • E. Ann Yeh,
  • Scott Zamvil

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00339
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 8

Abstract

Read online

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) primarily affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord, but also involving other regions of the CNS including the area postrema, periaqueductal gray matter, and hypothalamus. Knowledge related to pediatric manifestations of NMOSD has grown in recent years, particularly in light of newer information regarding the importance of not only antibodies to aquaporin 4 (AQP4-IgG) but also myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) in children manifesting clinically with this syndrome. In this review, we describe the current state of the knowledge related to clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and chronic therapies for children with NMOSD, with emphasis on literature that has been published in the last 5 years. Following the review, we propose recommendations for the assessment/follow up clinical care, and treatment of this population.

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