Psychometric properties of the nine-item avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder screen (NIAS) in Turkish adolescents

Abstract

Abstract Background This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen (NIAS) in a population of Turkish adolescents. Method The NIAS, designed to screen for ARFID symptoms, including picky eating, fear-related eating behaviors, and low appetite, was administered to secondary school students between 13 and 18 ages in Muğla, Turkiye. Results Based on a sample of 268 adolescents, the NIAS’s reliability and validity in this demographic are supported. The research utilized confirmatory factor analysis to verify its three-factor structure and various reliability tests, including Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability, confirming the scale’s internal consistency and temporal stability. The descriptive analysis highlighted significant differences in NIAS scores across BMI categories, with underweight adolescents scoring higher, suggesting a potential link between ARFID symptoms and lower body weight. Criterion validity was supported by significant correlations between NIAS subscales and measures of anxiety, depression, and eating behaviors, indicating the scale’s effectiveness in reflecting relevant psychopathological features. Conclusion Overall, the study establishes the Turkish NIAS as a useful tool for identifying ARFID in Turkish adolescents, aiding early detection and intervention in this at-risk age group. Further research is recommended to explore the scale’s utility across different clinical settings and refine its diagnostic accuracy, enhancing our understanding of ARFID’s impact on youth mental health and nutritional status.

Keywords

• ARFID
• NIAS
• Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
• Validation
• Adolescent