Discovery of Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Emissions from the Low-luminosity AGN NGC 4278 by LHAASO

Zhen Cao; F. Aharonian; Axikegu; Y. X. Bai; Y. W. Bao; D. Bastieri; X. J. Bi; Y. J. Bi; W. Bian; A. V. Bukevich; Q. Cao; W. Y. Cao; Zhe Cao; J. Chang; J. F. Chang; A. M. Chen; E. S. Chen; H. X. Chen; Liang Chen; Lin Chen; Long Chen; M. J. Chen; M. L. Chen; Q. H. Chen; S. Chen; S. H. Chen; S. Z. Chen; T. L. Chen; Y. Chen; N. Cheng; Y. D. Cheng; M. Y. Cui; S. W. Cui; X. H. Cui; Y. D. Cui; B. Z. Dai; H. L. Dai; Z. G. Dai; Danzengluobu; X. Q. Dong; K. K. Duan; J. H. Fan; Y. Z. Fan; J. Fang; J. H. Fang; K. Fang; C. F. Feng; H. Feng; L. Feng; S. H. Feng; X. T. Feng; Y. Feng; Y. L. Feng; S. Gabici; B. Gao; C. D. Gao; Q. Gao; W. Gao; W. K. Gao; M. M. Ge; L. S. Geng; G. Giacinti; G. H. Gong; Q. B. Gou; M. H. Gu; F. L. Guo; X. L. Guo; Y. Q. Guo; Y. Y. Guo; Y. A. Han; M. Hasan; H. H. He; H. N. He; J. Y. He; Y. He; Y. K. Hor; B. W. Hou; C. Hou; X. Hou; H. B. Hu; Q. Hu; S. C. Hu; D. H. Huang; T. Q. Huang; W. J. Huang; X. T. Huang; X. Y. Huang; Y. Huang; X. L. Ji; H. Y. Jia; K. Jia; K. Jiang; X. W. Jiang; Z. J. Jiang; M. Jin; M. M. Kang; I. Karpikov; D. Kuleshov; K. Kurinov; B. B. Li; C. M. Li; Cheng Li; Cong Li; D. Li; F. Li; H. B. Li; H. C. Li; Jian Li; Jie Li; K. Li; S. D. Li; W. L. Li; W. L. Li; X. R. Li; Xin Li; Y. Z. Li; Zhe Li; Zhuo Li; E. W. Liang; Y. F. Liang; S. J. Lin; B. Liu; C. Liu; D. Liu; D. B. Liu; H. Liu; H. D. Liu; J. Liu; J. L. Liu; M. Y. Liu; R. Y. Liu; S. M. Liu; W. Liu; Y. Liu; Y. N. Liu; Q. Luo; Y. Luo; H. K. Lv; B. Q. Ma; L. L. Ma; X. H. Ma; J. R. Mao; Z. Min; W. Mitthumsiri; H. J. Mu; Y. C. Nan; A. Neronov; L. J. Ou; P. Pattarakijwanich; Z. Y. Pei; J. C. Qi; M. Y. Qi; B. Q. Qiao; J. J. Qin; A. Raza; D. Ruffolo; A. Sáiz; M. Saeed; D. Semikoz; L. Shao; O. Shchegolev; X. D. Sheng; F. W. Shu; H. C. Song; Yu. V. Stenkin; V. Stepanov; Y. Su; D. X. Sun; Q. N. Sun; X. N. Sun; Z. B. Sun; J. Takata; P. H. T. Tam; Q. W. Tang; R. Tang; Z. B. Tang; W. W. Tian; C. Wang; C. B. Wang; G. W. Wang; H. G. Wang; H. H. Wang; J. C. Wang; Kai Wang; Kai Wang; L. P. Wang; L. Y. Wang; P. H. Wang; R. Wang; W. Wang; X. G. Wang; X. Y. Wang; Y. Wang; Y. D. Wang; Y. J. Wang; Z. H. Wang; Z. X. Wang; Zhen Wang; Zheng Wang; D. M. Wei; J. J. Wei; Y. J. Wei; T. Wen; C. Y. Wu; H. R. Wu; Q. W. Wu; S. Wu; X. F. Wu; Y. S. Wu; S. Q. Xi; J. Xia; G. M. Xiang; D. X. Xiao; G. Xiao; Y. L. Xin; Y. Xing; D. R. Xiong; Z. Xiong; D. L. Xu; R. F. Xu; R. X. Xu; W. L. Xu; L. Xue; D. H. Yan; J. Z. Yan; T. Yan; C. W. Yang; C. Y. Yang; F. Yang; F. F. Yang; L. L. Yang; M. J. Yang; R. Z. Yang; W. X. Yang; Y. H. Yao; Z. G. Yao; L. Q. Yin; N. Yin; X. H. You; Z. Y. You; Y. H. Yu; Q. Yuan; H. Yue; H. D. Zeng; T. X. Zeng; W. Zeng; M. Zha; B. B. Zhang; F. Zhang; H. Zhang; H. M. Zhang; H. Y. Zhang; J. L. Zhang; Li Zhang; P. F. Zhang; P. P. Zhang; R. Zhang; S. B. Zhang; S. R. Zhang; S. S. Zhang; X. Zhang; X. P. Zhang; Y. F. Zhang; Yi Zhang; Yong Zhang; B. Zhao; J. Zhao; L. Zhao; L. Z. Zhao; S. P. Zhao; X. H. Zhao; F. Zheng; W. J. Zhong; B. Zhou; H. Zhou; J. N. Zhou; M. Zhou; P. Zhou; R. Zhou; X. X. Zhou; X. X. Zhou; B. Y. Zhu; C. G. Zhu; F. R. Zhu; H. Zhu; K. J. Zhu; Y. C. Zou; X. Zuo; The LHAASO Collaboration

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad5e6d

The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2024)

Discovery of Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Emissions from the Low-luminosity AGN NGC 4278 by LHAASO

Zhen Cao,
F. Aharonian,
Axikegu,
Y. X. Bai,
Y. W. Bao,
D. Bastieri,
X. J. Bi,
Y. J. Bi,
W. Bian,
A. V. Bukevich,
Q. Cao,
W. Y. Cao,
Zhe Cao,
J. Chang,
J. F. Chang,
A. M. Chen,
E. S. Chen,
H. X. Chen,
Liang Chen,
Lin Chen,
Long Chen,
M. J. Chen,
M. L. Chen,
Q. H. Chen,
S. Chen,
S. H. Chen,
S. Z. Chen,
T. L. Chen,
Y. Chen,
N. Cheng,
Y. D. Cheng,
M. Y. Cui,
S. W. Cui,
X. H. Cui,
Y. D. Cui,
B. Z. Dai,
H. L. Dai,
Z. G. Dai,
Danzengluobu,
X. Q. Dong,
K. K. Duan,
J. H. Fan,
Y. Z. Fan,
J. Fang,
J. H. Fang,
K. Fang,
C. F. Feng,
H. Feng,
L. Feng,
S. H. Feng,
X. T. Feng,
Y. Feng,
Y. L. Feng,
S. Gabici,
B. Gao,
C. D. Gao,
Q. Gao,
W. Gao,
W. K. Gao,
M. M. Ge,
L. S. Geng,
G. Giacinti,
G. H. Gong,
Q. B. Gou,
M. H. Gu,
F. L. Guo,
X. L. Guo,
Y. Q. Guo,
Y. Y. Guo,
Y. A. Han,
M. Hasan,
H. H. He,
H. N. He,
J. Y. He,
Y. He,
Y. K. Hor,
B. W. Hou,
C. Hou,
X. Hou,
H. B. Hu,
Q. Hu,
S. C. Hu,
D. H. Huang,
T. Q. Huang,
W. J. Huang,
X. T. Huang,
X. Y. Huang,
Y. Huang,
X. L. Ji,
H. Y. Jia,
K. Jia,
K. Jiang,
X. W. Jiang,
Z. J. Jiang,
M. Jin,
M. M. Kang,
I. Karpikov,
D. Kuleshov,
K. Kurinov,
B. B. Li,
C. M. Li,
Cheng Li,
Cong Li,
D. Li,
F. Li,
H. B. Li,
H. C. Li,
Jian Li,
Jie Li,
K. Li,
S. D. Li,
W. L. Li,
W. L. Li,
X. R. Li,
Xin Li,
Y. Z. Li,
Zhe Li,
Zhuo Li,
E. W. Liang,
Y. F. Liang,
S. J. Lin,
B. Liu,
C. Liu,
D. Liu,
D. B. Liu,
H. Liu,
H. D. Liu,
J. Liu,
J. L. Liu,
M. Y. Liu,
R. Y. Liu,
S. M. Liu,
W. Liu,
Y. Liu,
Y. N. Liu,
Q. Luo,
Y. Luo,
H. K. Lv,
B. Q. Ma,
L. L. Ma,
X. H. Ma,
J. R. Mao,
Z. Min,
W. Mitthumsiri,
H. J. Mu,
Y. C. Nan,
A. Neronov,
L. J. Ou,
P. Pattarakijwanich,
Z. Y. Pei,
J. C. Qi,
M. Y. Qi,
B. Q. Qiao,
J. J. Qin,
A. Raza,
D. Ruffolo,
A. Sáiz,
M. Saeed,
D. Semikoz,
L. Shao,
O. Shchegolev,
X. D. Sheng,
F. W. Shu,
H. C. Song,
Yu. V. Stenkin,
V. Stepanov,
Y. Su,
D. X. Sun,
Q. N. Sun,
X. N. Sun,
Z. B. Sun,
J. Takata,
P. H. T. Tam,
Q. W. Tang,
R. Tang,
Z. B. Tang,
W. W. Tian,
C. Wang,
C. B. Wang,
G. W. Wang,
H. G. Wang,
H. H. Wang,
J. C. Wang,
Kai Wang,
Kai Wang,
L. P. Wang,
L. Y. Wang,
P. H. Wang,
R. Wang,
W. Wang,
X. G. Wang,
X. Y. Wang,
Y. Wang,
Y. D. Wang,
Y. J. Wang,
Z. H. Wang,
Z. X. Wang,
Zhen Wang,
Zheng Wang,
D. M. Wei,
J. J. Wei,
Y. J. Wei,
T. Wen,
C. Y. Wu,
H. R. Wu,
Q. W. Wu,
S. Wu,
X. F. Wu,
Y. S. Wu,
S. Q. Xi,
J. Xia,
G. M. Xiang,
D. X. Xiao,
G. Xiao,
Y. L. Xin,
Y. Xing,
D. R. Xiong,
Z. Xiong,
D. L. Xu,
R. F. Xu,
R. X. Xu,
W. L. Xu,
L. Xue,
D. H. Yan,
J. Z. Yan,
T. Yan,
C. W. Yang,
C. Y. Yang,
F. Yang,
F. F. Yang,
L. L. Yang,
M. J. Yang,
R. Z. Yang,
W. X. Yang,
Y. H. Yao,
Z. G. Yao,
L. Q. Yin,
N. Yin,
X. H. You,
Z. Y. You,
Y. H. Yu,
Q. Yuan,
H. Yue,
H. D. Zeng,
T. X. Zeng,
W. Zeng,
M. Zha,
B. B. Zhang,
F. Zhang,
H. Zhang,
H. M. Zhang,
H. Y. Zhang,
J. L. Zhang,
Li Zhang,
P. F. Zhang,
P. P. Zhang,
R. Zhang,
S. B. Zhang,
S. R. Zhang,
S. S. Zhang,
X. Zhang,
X. P. Zhang,
Y. F. Zhang,
Yi Zhang,
Yong Zhang,
B. Zhao,
J. Zhao,
L. Zhao,
L. Z. Zhao,
S. P. Zhao,
X. H. Zhao,
F. Zheng,
W. J. Zhong,
B. Zhou,
H. Zhou,
J. N. Zhou,
M. Zhou,
P. Zhou,
R. Zhou,
X. X. Zhou,
X. X. Zhou,
B. Y. Zhu,
C. G. Zhu,
F. R. Zhu,
H. Zhu,
K. J. Zhu,
Y. C. Zou,
X. Zuo,
The LHAASO Collaboration

Affiliations

Zhen Cao: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
F. Aharonian: ORCiD; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies , 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland; Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics , P.O. Box 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
Axikegu: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. X. Bai: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. W. Bao: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
D. Bastieri: Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University , 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
X. J. Bi: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. J. Bi: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
W. Bian: Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
A. V. Bukevich: Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences , 117312 Moscow, Russia
Q. Cao: Hebei Normal University , 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
W. Y. Cao: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
Zhe Cao: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
J. Chang: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
J. F. Chang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
A. M. Chen: Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
E. S. Chen: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
H. X. Chen: Research Center for Astronomical Computing , Zhejiang Laboratory, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
Liang Chen: ORCiD; Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 200030 Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
Lin Chen: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Long Chen: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
M. J. Chen: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
M. L. Chen: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
Q. H. Chen: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
S. Chen: School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University , 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
S. H. Chen: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
S. Z. Chen: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
T. L. Chen: Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) , Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, People's Republic of China
Y. Chen: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
N. Cheng: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. D. Cheng: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
M. Y. Cui: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
S. W. Cui: Hebei Normal University , 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
X. H. Cui: Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100101 Beijing, People's Republic of China
Y. D. Cui: School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University , 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
B. Z. Dai: School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University , 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
H. L. Dai: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
Z. G. Dai: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
Danzengluobu: Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) , Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, People's Republic of China
X. Q. Dong: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
K. K. Duan: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
J. H. Fan: Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University , 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
Y. Z. Fan: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
J. Fang: School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University , 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
J. H. Fang: Research Center for Astronomical Computing , Zhejiang Laboratory, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
K. Fang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
C. F. Feng: Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University , 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
H. Feng: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]
L. Feng: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
S. H. Feng: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
X. T. Feng: Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University , 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
Y. Feng: Research Center for Astronomical Computing , Zhejiang Laboratory, 311121 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
Y. L. Feng: Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) , Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, People's Republic of China
S. Gabici: APC, Université Paris Cité , CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
B. Gao: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
C. D. Gao: Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University , 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
Q. Gao: Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) , Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, People's Republic of China
W. Gao: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
W. K. Gao: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
M. M. Ge: School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University , 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
L. S. Geng: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
G. Giacinti: Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
G. H. Gong: Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing, People's Republic of China
Q. B. Gou: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
M. H. Gu: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
F. L. Guo: Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 200030 Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
X. L. Guo: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. Q. Guo: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. Y. Guo: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
Y. A. Han: School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University , 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
M. Hasan: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
H. H. He: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
H. N. He: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
J. Y. He: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
Y. He: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. K. Hor: School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University , 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
B. W. Hou: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
C. Hou: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
X. Hou: Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
H. B. Hu: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Q. Hu: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
S. C. Hu: ORCiD; Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; China Center of Advanced Science and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
D. H. Huang: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
T. Q. Huang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
W. J. Huang: School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University , 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
X. T. Huang: Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University , 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
X. Y. Huang: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
Y. Huang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
X. L. Ji: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
H. Y. Jia: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
K. Jia: Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University , 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
K. Jiang: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
X. W. Jiang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Z. J. Jiang: School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University , 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
M. Jin: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
M. M. Kang: College of Physics, Sichuan University , 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
I. Karpikov: Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences , 117312 Moscow, Russia
D. Kuleshov: Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences , 117312 Moscow, Russia
K. Kurinov: Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences , 117312 Moscow, Russia
B. B. Li: Hebei Normal University , 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
C. M. Li: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
Cheng Li: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
Cong Li: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
D. Li: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
F. Li: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
H. B. Li: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
H. C. Li: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Jian Li: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
Jie Li: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
K. Li: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
S. D. Li: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 200030 Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
W. L. Li: Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University , 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
W. L. Li: Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
X. R. Li: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Xin Li: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
Y. Z. Li: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Zhe Li: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Zhuo Li: School of Physics, Peking University , 100871 Beijing, People's Republic of China
E. W. Liang: Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University , 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
Y. F. Liang: Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University , 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
S. J. Lin: School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University , 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
B. Liu: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
C. Liu: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
D. Liu: Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University , 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
D. B. Liu: Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
H. Liu: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
H. D. Liu: School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University , 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
J. Liu: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
J. L. Liu: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
M. Y. Liu: Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) , Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, People's Republic of China
R. Y. Liu: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
S. M. Liu: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
W. Liu: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. Liu: Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University , 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
Y. N. Liu: Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University , 100084 Beijing, People's Republic of China
Q. Luo: School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University , 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
Y. Luo: Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
H. K. Lv: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
B. Q. Ma: School of Physics, Peking University , 100871 Beijing, People's Republic of China
L. L. Ma: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
X. H. Ma: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
J. R. Mao: Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
Z. Min: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
W. Mitthumsiri: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok 10400, Thailand
H. J. Mu: School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University , 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
Y. C. Nan: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
A. Neronov: APC, Université Paris Cité , CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
L. J. Ou: Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University , 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
P. Pattarakijwanich: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Z. Y. Pei: Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University , 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
J. C. Qi: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
M. Y. Qi: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
B. Q. Qiao: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
J. J. Qin: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
A. Raza: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
D. Ruffolo: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok 10400, Thailand
A. Sáiz: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok 10400, Thailand
M. Saeed: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
D. Semikoz: APC, Université Paris Cité , CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, 119 75205 Paris, France
L. Shao: Hebei Normal University , 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
O. Shchegolev: Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences , 117312 Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , 141700 Moscow, Russia
X. D. Sheng: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
F. W. Shu: Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science & Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University , 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
H. C. Song: School of Physics, Peking University , 100871 Beijing, People's Republic of China
Yu. V. Stenkin: Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences , 117312 Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , 141700 Moscow, Russia
V. Stepanov: Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences , 117312 Moscow, Russia
Y. Su: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
D. X. Sun: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
Q. N. Sun: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
X. N. Sun: Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University , 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
Z. B. Sun: National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
J. Takata: School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
P. H. T. Tam: School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University , 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
Q. W. Tang: Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science & Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University , 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
R. Tang: Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
Z. B. Tang: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
W. W. Tian: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100101 Beijing, People's Republic of China
C. Wang: National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
C. B. Wang: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
G. W. Wang: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
H. G. Wang: Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University , 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
H. H. Wang: School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University , 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
J. C. Wang: Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
Kai Wang: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
Kai Wang: School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
L. P. Wang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
L. Y. Wang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
P. H. Wang: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
R. Wang: Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University , 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
W. Wang: School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University , 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
X. G. Wang: Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University , 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
X. Y. Wang: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
Y. Wang: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. D. Wang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. J. Wang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Z. H. Wang: College of Physics, Sichuan University , 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Z. X. Wang: School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University , 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
Zhen Wang: Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
Zheng Wang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
D. M. Wei: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
J. J. Wei: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
Y. J. Wei: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
T. Wen: School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University , 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
C. Y. Wu: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
H. R. Wu: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Q. W. Wu: School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
S. Wu: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
X. F. Wu: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
Y. S. Wu: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
S. Q. Xi: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
J. Xia: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
G. M. Xiang: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 200030 Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
D. X. Xiao: Hebei Normal University , 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
G. Xiao: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. L. Xin: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. Xing: Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 200030 Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
D. R. Xiong: Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
Z. Xiong: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
D. L. Xu: Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
R. F. Xu: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
R. X. Xu: School of Physics, Peking University , 100871 Beijing, People's Republic of China
W. L. Xu: College of Physics, Sichuan University , 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
L. Xue: Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University , 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
D. H. Yan: School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University , 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
J. Z. Yan: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
T. Yan: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
C. W. Yang: College of Physics, Sichuan University , 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
C. Y. Yang: Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
F. Yang: Hebei Normal University , 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
F. F. Yang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
L. L. Yang: School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University , 519000 Zhuhai & 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
M. J. Yang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
R. Z. Yang: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
W. X. Yang: Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University , 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
Y. H. Yao: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Z. G. Yao: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
L. Q. Yin: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
N. Yin: Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University , 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
X. H. You: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Z. Y. You: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. H. Yu: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
Q. Yuan: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
H. Yue: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
H. D. Zeng: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
T. X. Zeng: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
W. Zeng: School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University , 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
M. Zha: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
B. B. Zhang: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
F. Zhang: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
H. Zhang: Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
H. M. Zhang: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
H. Y. Zhang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
J. L. Zhang: Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100101 Beijing, People's Republic of China
Li Zhang: School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University , 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
P. F. Zhang: School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University , 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
P. P. Zhang: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
R. Zhang: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
S. B. Zhang: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100101 Beijing, People's Republic of China
S. R. Zhang: Hebei Normal University , 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
S. S. Zhang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
X. Zhang: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
X. P. Zhang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Y. F. Zhang: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
Yi Zhang: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
Yong Zhang: ORCiD; Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
B. Zhao: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
J. Zhao: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
L. Zhao: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
L. Z. Zhao: Hebei Normal University , 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
S. P. Zhao: Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
X. H. Zhao: Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
F. Zheng: National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
W. J. Zhong: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
B. Zhou: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
H. Zhou: Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
J. N. Zhou: Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 200030 Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
M. Zhou: Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and High Energy Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science & Institute of Space Science and Technology, Nanchang University , 330031 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
P. Zhou: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
R. Zhou: College of Physics, Sichuan University , 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
X. X. Zhou: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
X. X. Zhou: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
B. Y. Zhu: University of Science and Technology of China , 230026 Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
C. G. Zhu: Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University , 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
F. R. Zhu: School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University , 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
H. Zhu: Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100101 Beijing, People's Republic of China
K. J. Zhu: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics , People's Republic of China
Y. C. Zou: School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
X. Zuo: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China ; [email protected], [email protected]; Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center , 610000 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
The LHAASO Collaboration

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad5e6d
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 971, no. 2
p. L45

Abstract

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The first source catalog of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) reported the detection of a very high energy gamma-ray source, 1LHAASO J1219+2915. This Letter presents a further detailed study of the spectral and temporal behavior of this pointlike source. The best-fit position of the TeV source (R.A. = 185.°05 ± 0.°04, decl. = 29.°25 ± 0.°03) is compatible with NGC 4278 within ∼0.°03. Variation analysis shows an indication of variability on a timescale of a few months in the TeV band, which is consistent with low-frequency observations. Based on these observations, we report the detection of TeV γ -ray emissions from this low-luminosity active galactic nucleus. The observation by LHAASO's Water Cherenkov Detector Array during the active period has a significance level of 8.8 σ with a best-fit photon spectral index Γ = 2.56 ± 0.14 and a flux f _1–10 TeV = (7.0 ± 1.1 _sta ± 0.35 _syst ) × 10 ^−13 photons cm ^−2 s ^−1 , or approximately 5% of the Crab Nebula. The discovery of VHE gamma-ray emission from NGC 4278 indicates that compact, weak radio jets can efficiently accelerate particles and emit TeV photons.

Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters

ISSN: 2041-8205 (Print); 2041-8213 (Online)
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Science: Astronomy: Astrophysics
Website: https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205

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