Epidemiology of Pertussis and Pertussis-Related Complications in Adults: A German Claims Data Analysis

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection. It affects people of all ages, yet evidence of the impact of pertussis in adults with underlying conditions (UCs) is scarce. This study investigated the incidence and complication rate of pertussis in adult patients with and without UC. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using routinely collected German claims data between 2015 and 2019. Patients with and without different pneumological, cardiovascular, endocrinological, musculoskeletal, and psychological UCs were matched for incidence estimation. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of pertussis depending on the presence of UCs. Negative binomial models were used to assess complication rates in patients with pertussis and with and without UC. Results In total, 4383 patients were diagnosed with pertussis during the study period. Patients with any UC had an increased risk for pertussis compared to matched patients without UC (odds ratio [OR] 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]1.60–1.84, p < 0.0001). Underlying asthma had the highest risk of pertussis (OR 2.70; 95% CI 2.50–2.91, p < 0.0001), followed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 2.35; 95% CI 2.10–2.60, p < 0.0001) and depression (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.95–2.22, p < 0.0001). Severe complications occurred in 10.8% of the pertussis cohort (13.4% with UC vs. 9.5% without UC). The UC-attributable effect on the risk of severe pertussis-related complications was significantly increased for any UC (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.19–1.39). The severe complication risk was also increased for patients aged 60+ (IRR 1.59, 95% CI 1.46–1.72). Conclusion This study shows that adults with certain UCs have an increased risk for pertussis and are more likely to have complications. These results provide further evidence that pertussis is a relevant and impactful infectious disease in adults with and without certain UC, indicating that these patients need to be considered when developing vaccination recommendations to avoid pertussis and its associated complications. A graphical abstract is available with this article. Graphical Abstract

Keywords

• Pertussis
• Whooping cough
• Comorbidity
• Risk factor
• Real world evidence
• Older adults