Управленческое консультирование (Apr 2018)
Influence of the Un Formation Process to the Establishment of the XX Century World Order
Abstract
This article presents a review and analysis of discussion of several questions that gave rise for some deep controversies during the United Nations Conference on International Organization. The United Nations Conference on International Organization held in San Francisco (California, USA) becameу one of the most important milestones in the development of the system of international relations and of the world in general. This is when and where the UN Charter - the main document defining the rights, obligations and principles of interaction between states was elaborated and adopted. Despite for consensus among the delegates in the matters concerning the very need for establishment of a new international organization designed to maintain international peace and security, some detail questions were the cause for severe disagreements. The most sharp debated were held between the organizers of the Conference (USA, USSR, UK and China) and also France on one side, and the majority of other nations on the other side. The core issue for these debates were the main principles of the Security Council work. The main authors of the draft Charter (who would soon also become the permanent members of the Security Council) were willing to give this UN body some special functions, and they wished to enjoy themselves special rights in the Council. They have alluded not only their special role during the Second World War, but also the fact that only possessing these special rights, specifically the «power of veto», could ensure their effective work within the Council and maintenance of peace. Recourses of this states were intended be used for this purpose in the first place. The states usually called «lesser powers» insisted that the UN should be a highly democratic structure and, despite the significant role of the «Big Five» in the world politics, economy, their military potential, the Security Council procedures should be democratic. In the ideal case, there should be no permanent members and no power of veto, and the Council should perform more operative functions, and most of the powers reserved for it should go to the General Assembly. Furthermore, the issues of the trusteeship over non-self-governing territories and of regional arrangements gave rise for the disputes within the «Big Five» themselves. The UK and France - ancient colonial powers - and the USA that enjoyed a very grave influence in the Western hemisphere intended to shape these systems the way that allowed them to preserve and boost their positions. On the contrary, the USSR wished to create the most transparent systems that would allow it to spread its influence over new territories. Upon reviewing the Conference in general, one can conclude that all its participants intended to establish and strengthen their positions in the world politics. The «lesser powers» made a claim about themselves and have demanded equal rights to the ones of the «Great powers». The latter ones have more or less preserved their leading role, although, making some concessions to the «lesser powers». The main lesson deriving from the Conference is that the cooperation and respect for the partners’ positions can ensure the successful accomplishment of projects of any scale. On the contrary, the lack of understanding leads to the slacking of the most stable structures. The UN has demonstrated the latter case soon after the beginning of the Cold War.
