Main mechanisms of the initiation and development of diabetic complications: the role of nitrative stress

Abstract

In the review described the main mechanisms of the oxidative stress initiation in the mitochondria electron-transport chain under the hyperglycaemia condition. It is described the main metabolic and signal-transduction mechanisms, activation of which takes place under the chronic diabetic complications, and which leads to the increase of oxidative stress. It is analised in detail the role of nitric oxide in the biological systems and its properties under the condition of oxidative stress, especially under the diabetes mellitus. The results of the main biological targets for the peroxinitrite and the molecular markers of the diabetic complications were summarized.

Keywords

• diabetes mellitus
• glicosylation
• peroxinitrite
• oxidative-nitrative stress
• poly-adp-ribosylation