Association between White Matter T2 Hyper-Intense Signals in Fetal Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Neurodevelopment of Fetuses with Cytomegalovirus Infection

Abstract

An association between subtle changes in T2 white matter hyper-intense signals (WMHSs) detected in fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (fbMRI) and congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been established. The research aim of this study is to compare children with congenital CMV infection with neurodevelopment outcome and hearing deficit with and without WMHSs in a historic prospective case study cohort of 58 fbMRIs. Of these, in 37 cases, fbMRI was normal (normal group) and WMHSs were detected in 21 cases (WMHS group). The median infection week of the WMHS group was earlier than the normal fbMRI group (8 and 17 weeks of gestation, respectively). The proportion of infants treated with valganciclovir in the WMHS group was distinctly higher. Hearing impairment was not significantly different between the groups. VABS scores in all four domains were within normal range in both groups. The median score of the motor skills corrected for week of infection was better in the WMHS group. A multivariate analysis using the week of infection interaction variable of WMHS and valganciclovir treatment showed better motor score outcomes in the valganciclovir treatment group despite an earlier week of infection. WMHSs were not associated with neurodevelopmental outcome and hearing deficit. In our cohort, valganciclovir treatment may have a protective effect on fetuses with WMHSs by improving neurodevelopmental outcome.

Keywords

• fetus
• brain
• magnetic resonance imaging
• cytomegalovirus
• white matter