COVID-19 and the inflammatory response in rheumatic disease

Abstract

Background: the direct tissue invasion of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, can cause an exaggerated immune response from the host, developing a cytokine storm. Knowing the autoimmune diseases that are characterized by a pro-inflammatory state, accelerated atherosclerosis and an increase in the incidence of vascular complications, must lead to a better prediction of complications in these patients if they were infected with SARS-CoV-2.Objective: to update on scientific information about the role of inflammation and its relationship with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in the context of COVID-19.Methods: an information search was carried out in the databases and specialized services: PubMed, LILACS, Google Scholar, update bulletins and pages of the Cuban health system. In addition, criteria from experienced national specialists were taken into account. A total of 50 articles were selected. Results: the subject is of interest to specialists, reflected in a wide scientific production. In general, it is stated that the high production of autoantibodies, whether secondary to rheumatic disease or due to intercurrent infection, may be involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction, the progression and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. Chronic autoimmune diseases have been shown to be associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Conclusions: despite the lack of conclusive studies reported in the scientific literature, patients with rheumatic disease should be evaluated as a possible poor prognosis if they were to acquire COVID-19.

Keywords

• autoimmune diseases
• rheumatic diseases
• atherosclerosis
• coronavirus infections