Risk factors to mental health challenges among the LGBTI+ community in Gaborone, Botswana

Abstract

Background: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex and other gender diverse groupings symbolised by + (LGBTI+) individuals experience adverse mental health problems, and several factors have been documented to facilitate such problems. However, in Botswana, the factors facilitating LGBTI+ individuals to experience mental health challenges have not been explored with previous studies only highlighting the poor mental health outcomes they experience. Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore and describe factors that could cause mental health challenges in LGBTI+ individuals in Gaborone, Botswana. Method: A qualitative, descriptive, phenomenological design was employed to examine the research question. In data collection, 15 unstructured in-depth telephonic interviews were conducted until data saturation. Data were analysed with a co-coder using the data analysis method by Colaizzi. Results: Three themes emerged following data analysis and were reasons for experiencing mental health challenges, experiences of challenges in accessing healthcare services and the social challenges of everyday life. Conclusion: The findings indicate that a variety of factors influence the mental health problems in some LGBTI+ individuals. Contribution: The knowledge of the factors that cause LGBTI+ individuals’ mental health challenges can inform mental healthcare to be rendered. The findings can apprise nursing curriculum development and policy regarding the needs of LGBTI+ individuals.

Keywords

• coping mechanisms
• discrimination
• hormonal replacement therapy
• lgbti+
• mental health challenges
• misgendering
• stigma