Understanding Micronutrient Access through the Lens of the Social Ecological Model: Exploring the Influence of Socioeconomic Factors—A Qualitative Exploration

Abstract

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies disproportionately affect various populations, influenced by a complex interplay of socioeconomic factors. This study delves into the intricate relationship between socioeconomic status and micronutrient access, emphasizing the perceptions of affordability, availability, and the impact of social support networks. Methods: A qualitative research design was employed, using purposive sampling to enlist a diverse cohort of participants from varied socioeconomic backgrounds. The methodology comprised semi-structured interviews and focus groups to gather detailed insights into the participants’ experiences and views on micronutrient access. The analysis framework was based on the Social Ecological Model (SEM), enabling an in-depth examination of individual, interpersonal, community, and societal influences. Results: With 30 participants, aged 20–70, representing a range of unique characteristics such as differing health conditions, cultural backgrounds, and economic statuses, the study uncovered five key themes: Individual-Level Factors, Interpersonal Relationships, Community Environment, Societal Factors, and Intersectionality. These themes illustrate how personal dietary habits, social networks, community resources, and broader socioeconomic policies converge to shape micronutrient access, emphasizing the complex interplay of overlapping social identities and structural barriers. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for holistic nutrition interventions that account for the extensive spectrum of socioeconomic determinants. This study not only enriches the theoretical underpinnings of the SEM but also provides actionable insights for crafting targeted strategies to enhance micronutrient access and ameliorate dietary inequities. It advocates for comprehensive public health initiatives attuned to the nuanced needs and hurdles faced by diverse demographic sectors.

Keywords

• micronutrient access
• socioeconomic factors
• dietary behaviors
• qualitative research