Generation of residual stresses in rotary swaging process

Abstract

Infeed rotary swaging is an established incremental cold forming production technique for axisymmetric workpieces. Among others, work hardening as well as near net shape forming are advantages of this production technique. Due to the incremental open die forging process, the rotary swaging induces a complex material flow history which is dependent on the process control. This material flow history influences the material modifications such as work hardening as well as residual stresses. In this study, the properties of steel tubes were investigated after rotary swaging using varying parameters by experimental and simulation analysis. In particular, the influence of lubrication with different feeding velocities was analysed. The workpiece quality, the hardness and the residual stresses were characterized in detail. After rotary swaging, an influence of the process parameters on the geometrical and surface quality could be observed. The workpieces showed significant work hardening which was higher at the surface and process dependent, while below 100 μm, this increased hardness was observed over the complete wall thickness independently of the process parameters. The residual stress state was highly fluctuating at the surface and was in tensile for all conditions. The results showed that the process parameters influenced the properties near the surface, while a few hundred micrometers below the surface, the workpiece properties seemed to be driven only by the total deformation.

Keywords

• Cold forming
• Microstructure
• Residual stress