A Comprehensive Review on Differential Protection Schemes in IBR-Dominated Microgrids

Abstract

This review paper provides a systematic examination of differential protection schemes in microgrids, particularly focusing on configurations with electronically coupled Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). It consolidates research findings to delineate the challenges and operational complexities introduced by DERs in microgrid protection. The review dissects a variety of approaches ranging from conventional methods to sophisticated data-driven and selective phase-tripping strategies. In doing so, it identifies the gaps in current technologies and underscores the need for evolution in protection schemes to cater to the dynamic nature of microgrids with inverter-based resources (IBR) domination. The paper highlights the shift towards adaptive and intelligent protection mechanisms that promise improved fault detection, isolation, and system resilience. By offering a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this paper underlines the critical role of differential protection in maintaining microgrid integrity and reliability in the face of growing IBR penetration. Its contribution lies in presenting a cohesive narrative on the progress and prospects of IBR-dominated microgrid protection, serving as a foundational resource for advancing research and practice in this evolving domain.

Keywords

• Microgrid protection
• differential scheme
• inverter-based resources
• adaptive protection
• distributed energy resources