Association of Mammary Gland Disease With Metabolic Syndrome Factors in Japanese Women—Case-Control Study Based on Health Screening Results

Abstract

Background: The association of obesity with breast cancer is clear. Although body mass index (BMI) is used as an indicator of obesity, its accuracy remains questionable. Although, there factors for diagnosing metabolic syndrome are caused by obesity, the association with breast cancer has not been clarified. Methods: Women who underwent breast cancer screening with mammography and measurements of metabolic syndrome factors, including waist circumference, blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels, and systolic and diastolic pressure, twice within a 2-year period were enrolled (n = 314), with a final sample size of 256. To determine the presence of mammary gland disease, 2 expert physicians interpreted radiogram findings, with category 3 or higher shown by mammography considered to indicate an abnormality. Results and Conclusions: Waist circumference at the initial measurement was marginally significant as a risk factor for onset of mammary gland disease (odds ratio [OR] = 1.036, P = .045) and thus was concluded to be a risk factor for disease onset. Although not significant, a 2-year increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure has been presumed to be risk factors (systolic: OR = 1.020, P = .085, diastolic: OR = 1.040, P = .065), while high levels of HDL cholesterol have been presumed to protect against the disease (OR = 0.982, P = .064). Based on these results, waist circumference and blood pressure are speculated to be related to development of mammary gland disease.