Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties in a Single-Phase Region of Sm-Modified Lead-Free (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O₃ Ceramics

Abstract

In ferroelectric materials, phase boundaries such as the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and polymorphic phase boundary (PPB) have been widely utilized to enhance the piezoelectric properties. However, for a single-ferroelectric-phase system, there are few effective paradigms to achieve the enhancement of piezoelectric properties. Herein, we report an unexpected finding that largely enhanced piezoelectric properties occur in a single-tetragonal-ferroelectric-phase region in the Sm-modified (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3 (BCZT-xSm) system. An electrostrain maximum (0.13%) appears in the single-phase region of the BZCT-0.5Sm composition with the maximum polarization (Pm = 18.37 µC/cm2) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 396 pC/N) and the minimum coercive field (EC = 3.30 kV/cm) at room temperature. Such an enhanced piezoelectric effect is due to the synergistic effect of large lattice distortion and domain miniaturization on the basis of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation and X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinement. Our work may provide new insights into the design of high-performance ferroelectrics in the single-phase region.

Keywords

• lead-free ceramics
• single ferroelectric phase
• enhanced piezoelectric effect
• <i>c/a</i> ratio
• miniaturized domains