Heliyon (Apr 2024)
Optimized decomposition of fresh tomato remnants in facility soil
Abstract
To return vegetable remnants to soil in situ and understand parameters that determine their decomposition efficiency, the tomato remnant length, soil moisture, soil temperature and dosage of a microbial decomposer (MD) have been evaluated through a laboratory experiment using a nylon mesh bag in this study. The results showed that the residual remnant weight, and total carbon content increased 28.49 % and 32.65 %, respectively with two different remnant lengths (∼0.5 cm and ∼2.5 cm), while the decay rate and organic carbon breakdown rate decreased by 6.14 % and 7.48 %, respectively. When the relative water content in soil increased, the residual remnant weight and total carbon content first decreased and then increased, while the trend of the decay rate (16.94 % with 80 % soil water content) and organic carbon breakdown rate (9.96 % with 60 % soil water content) were opposite. At a high MD dosage (7 % or 9 % of the total compost weight), both rates of remnants were greater than those at the low dosage (1 %), with an increase of 38.63 % or 36.19 % and 15.89 % or 15.78 %, respectively. With an increase in soil temperature, both residual remnant weight and total carbon content decreased first and then increased, while both decomposition rate and organic carbon breakdown rate increased first and then decreased by 27.35 % and 22.78 %, respectively at 45 °C, compared with those at 30 °C. It was concluded that the decomposition rate was significantly correlated with the remnant length and the MD dosage, while the organic carbon breakdown rate was significantly associated with all four parameters evaluated. The optimal decomposing efficiency was achieved through cutting tomato remnants to a length of ∼0.5 cm, maintaining soil relative moisture content at 89 %, keeping soil temperature at 50 °C, and adding 7 % microbial decomposer MD to chopped tomato cuttings.
